Chapter 1 Flashcards
1
Q
pain, suffering
A
-algia
2
Q
-dynia
A
pain
3
Q
surgical removal, cutting out
A
-ectomy
4
Q
picture or record
A
-gram
5
Q
excessive, increased
A
hyper-
6
Q
deficient, decreased
A
hypo-
7
Q
inflammation
A
-itis
8
Q
abnormal condition, disease
A
-osis
9
Q
the surgical creation of an artificial opening to the body surface
A
-ostomy
10
Q
before, in front of
A
pre-
11
Q
surgical repair
A
-plasty
12
Q
bleeding, abnormal excessive fluid discharge
A
-rrhage
13
Q
surgical suturing
A
-rrhaphy
14
Q
flow or discharge
A
-rrhea
15
Q
abnormal hardening
A
-sclerosis
16
Q
stomach
A
gastr
17
Q
A term made up of more than on word part.
A
compound word
18
Q
Contains the basic meaning of the term. Usually, but not always, indicates the involved body part.
Ex–> word root meaning stomach is gastr.
A
word root
19
Q
Is a word root with a combining vowel added at the end. It is used when two word roots are combined or when a suffix beginning with a consonant is added. When a combining form appears alone, it is shown with back slash (/) between the word root and the combining vowel. For example, this form of the word root gastr is gastro/o. Note: a,e,i,o,u and sometimes y are vowels. All other letters in the alphabt are consonants.
A
combining form
20
Q
Usually, but not always, indicates the procedure, condition, disorder, or disease. Always comes AT THE END of the word. You’ll know it is this when shown with a hyphen(-) in front of it.
Example: -itis
A
suffix
21
Q
Usually, but not always indicates location, time, number, or status.
Always comes AT THE BEGINNING of a word.
Ex: when it is shown with a hyphen (-) after it … hyper-: means excessive, increased
A
prefix
22
Q
Cannot stand alone and act as the foundation for most medical terms. Usually, but not always, describe the part of the body that is involved.
A
word root
23
Q
means blue
A
cyan/o
24
Q
is blue discoloration of the skin caused by lack of adequate oxygen in the blood.
A
cyanosis
25
means red
erythr/o
26
is a mature red blood cell
erythrocyte
27
means white
leuk/o
28
is a white blood cell
leukocyte
29
means black
melan/o
30
is a type of skin cancer.
melanoma (-oma meaning tumor)
31
means gray
poli/o
32
is a viral infection of the gray nerve tissue of the spinal cord
Poliomyelitis (myel means spinal cord)
33
A combining form includes a vowel, usually the letter o, added to the end of a word root. It is usually added to make the resulting medical term easier to pronounce.
combining vowel
34
Used at the end of the second word root ONLY if the suffix begins with a consonant.
ex--> the term gastroenteritis combines two word roots with a suffix: when gastr (stomach) is joined with the word root enter (small intestine), a vowel is used to make the combining form gastr/o.
The word root enter is joined to -itis without a combining vowel because this suffix BEGINS with a vowel already.
combining vowel
35
is an inflammation of the stomach and small intestine
gastroenteritis
36
nerve
neur/o
37
is the surgical repair of a nerve.
neuroplasty
38
is suturing together the ends of a severed nerve
neuorrhaphy
39
is an inflammation of the tonsils.
tonsillitis
40
is the surgical removal of the tonsils
tonsillectomy
41
the portion of the skull that encloses the brain
cranium (um is a noun ending)
42
means skull
crani
43
Noun endings:
-a, -um, -y, -e, -us
44
word that defines or describes.
In medical terminology, many suffixes meaning "pertaining to" are used to change the meaning of a word root into this. Example: the word root cardi (heart) and the suffix -ac (means pertaining to). Once combined, they form the term cardiac, this that makes the meaning pertaining to the heart.
adjective
45
pertaining to the heart
cardiac
46
Suffixes meaning "pertaining to:
-ac, -eal, -ior, -aal, -ical, -ory, -an, -ial, -ous, -ar, -ic, -tic, -ary, -ine
47
means any disease of the stomach
gastrosis
48
Suffixes meaning abnormal condition or disease:
-ago, -iasis, -osis, -esis, -ion, -pathy, -ia, -ism
49
is the study of all aspects of diseases
pathology (ology)--study of
50
means disease
path
51
also known as stomachache, means pain in the stomach
gastralgia
52
also means pain in the stomach but is not used as commonly
gastrodynia
53
inflammation of the stomach
gastritis
54
means eenlargement
-megaly
55
means liver
hepat/o
56
is abnormal enlargement of the liver
hepatomegaly
57
means abnormal softening.
-malacia
58
means artery
arteri/o
59
is the abnormal softening of the walls of an artery or arteries
arteriomalacia
60
means tissue death
-necrosis
61
is the tissue death of an artery or arteries
arterionecrosis
62
means abnormal hardening
-sclerosis
63
is the abnormal hardening of the walls of an artery or arteries
arteriosclerosis
64
Means abnormal narrowing.
-stenosis
65
is the abnormal narrowing of an artery or arteries
arteriostenosis
66
is a surgical puncture to remove fluid
-centesis
67
means abdomen
abdomin/o
68
is the surgical puncture of the abdominal cavity to remove fluid
abdominocentesis
69
means blood vessel
angi/o
70
is the process of producing an x-ray, or radiographic study, of blood vessels after the injection of contrast medium to make these blood vessels visible.
angiography
71
is the resulting film that is produced by angiography
angiogram
72
muscle
my/o
73
is the surgical repair of a muscle
myoplasty
74
means visual examination
-scopy
75
joint
arthr/o
76
is the visual examination of the internal structure of a joint
arthroscopy
77
means bleeding; however, they are most often used to describe sudden, severe bleeding.
-rrhage and -rhagia
78
is the loss of a large amount of blood in a short time
hemorrhage
79
means surgical suturing to close a wound and includes the use of sutures, staples, or surgical glue.
-rrhaphy
80
means tendon
ten/o
81
is the surgical suturing of a tendon
tenorrhaphy
82
means through
dia-
83
is the frequent flow of loose or watery stool
diarrhea
84
means pertaining to birth
natal
85
means the time and events before birth. Occurs during the development of the fetus (baby)
prenatal
86
means surrounding. Event of the umbilical cord being cut immediately after the baby is born.
peri-
87
refers to the time and events surrounding birth
perinatal
88
refers to the time and events after birth. The parents bond with their new baby during this time.
postnatal
89
away from, negative, absent
ab-
90
toward, to, in the direction
ad-
91
right side
dextro-
92
left side
sinistro
93
out of, outside, away from
ex-
94
in, into, not, without
in-
95
scanty, few
-oligo
96
means not normal or away from normal
abnormal
97
means being drawn toward or having a strong dependence on a drug or substance
addiction
98
means bad, difficult, or painful
dys-
99
means an organ or body part that is not working properly
dysfunctional
100
means good, normal, well, or easy
eu-
101
is higher-than-normal blood pressure
hypertension
102
is lower-than-normal blood pressure
hypotension
103
means between or among
inter-
104
means between, but not within, the parts of a tissue
interstitial
105
means within or inside
intra-
106
means within the muscle
intramuscular
107
means under, less, or below
sub-
108
means below a rib or ribs.
subcostal
109
mean above or excessive
super- or supra-
110
means above or outside the ribs
supracostal
111
is the study of the ears, nose, and throat (ot/o means ear, rhin/o means nose, laryng means throat, and -ology means study of). Note: laryng/o also means larynx
otorhinolaryngology
112
ears, nose, and throat
ENT
113
Is a surgical incision for the removal of a stone. Also is a name of an examination position in which a female patient is lying on her back with her feet and legs raised and supported in stirrups. This term is used to describe this position because in the early days, this was the preferred position for this kind of surgery.
lithotomy
114
Is swelling caused by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in cells, tissues, or cavities of the body.
edema
115
is objective evidence of disease, such as a fever. Can be evaluated or measured by the patient or others.
sign
116
is subjective evidence of a disease, such as pain or a headache. Means that it can be evaluated or measured only by the patient.
symptom
117
The identification of a disease.
diagnosis
118
an attempt to determine which one of several possible diseases is causing the signs and symptoms that are present.
differential diagnosis
119
is a set of signs and symptoms that occur together as pat of a specific disease process
syndrome
120
is a prediction of the probable course and outcome of a disease
prognosis
121
condition has rapid onset, a severe course, and a relatively short duration.
acute
122
condition is of long duration. Although such diseases can be controlled, they are rarely cured.
chronic
123
is the temporary, partial, or complete disappearance of the symptoms of a disease without having achieved a cure.
remission
124
A condition in which one or more body parts are not functioning normally. Some are named for their signs and symptoms. Example: chronic fatigue syndrome is a persistent, overwhelming fatigue of unknown origin.
disease
125
A disease, structure, operation, or procedure named for the person who discovered or described it first. Example: Alzheimer's disease is named for German neurologist Alois Alzheimer.
eponym
126
A word formed from the initial letter of the major parts of a compound term. Example: laser stands for light amplification by stimulated remission of radiation.
acronym
127
means plaque or fatty substance
ather/o
128
is a fatty deposit within the wall of an artery
atheroma (-oma means tumor)
129
means pain in a joint or joints
arthralgia
130
means pertaining to the interior or lining of an artery
endarterial
131
the surgical removal of the appendix
appendectomy
132
means colon
col
133
the surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface.
colostomy
134
means the renal plvis
pyel
135
is a surgical incision into the renal pelvis to remove obstructions such as a kidney stone
pyelotomy
136
a groove or crack-like sore of the skin. Also describes normal folds in the contours of the brain
fissures
137
an abnormal passage, usually between two internal organs or leading from an organ to the surface of the body. May be due to surgery, injury, or a draining of an abscess.
fistula
138
Is the last and longest portion of the small intestine.
ileum (memory aid: ileum is spelled with an e as in intEstine)
139
is part of the hip bone.
ilium (memoy aid: illium is spelled with an i as in hIp.)
140
The invasion of the body by a pathogenic (disease-producing) organism. Can remain localized (near the point of entry) or can be systemic (affecting the entire body). Symptoms: malaise, chills and fever, redness, heat and swelling, or exudate from a wound.
infection
141
Referring to a feeling of general discomfort or uneasiness that is often the first indication of an infection or other disease.
malaise
142
is any fluid, such as pus, that leaks out of an infected wound.
exudate
143
Key indicators of inflammation:
-- erythema (redness)
- hyperthermia (heat)
- edema (swelling)
- pain
(These are caused by extra blood flowing into thee area as part of the healing process)
144
torn or jagged wound or an accidental cut
laceration
145
is a pathologic change of the tissues due to disease or injury
lesion
146
describes the specialized membranes that line the body cavities
mucous
147
refers to the fluid secreted by these mucous membranes
mucus
148
means fungus
myc/o
149
describes an abnormal condition or disease caused by a fungus
mycosis
150
means bone marrow or spinal cord
myel/o
151
describes any injury, degeneration or disease in the spinal cord
myelpathy
152
describes any pathologic change or disease of muscle tissue
myopathy
153
is an examination technique in which the examiner's hands are used to feel the texture, size, consistency, and location of certain body parts.
palpation
154
is a pounding or racing heart
palpitations
155
any cute, inflammatory, pus-forming bacterial skin infection such as impetigo
pyoderma
156
also known as heartburn, is discomfort due to the regurgitation of stomach acid upward into the esophagus
pyrosis (pyr/o means fever or fire)
157
Is the act of rotating the arm so that the palm of the hand is forward or upward
supination
158
is the formation of pus
suppuration
159
The medical screening of patients to determine their relative priority of need and the proper place of treatment. Describes the process through which emergency personnel arriving on an accident scene identify which of the injured require care first and where they can be treated most effectively
Triage
160
Means wound or injury. These are the types of injuries that might occur in an accident, shooting, natural disaster, or fire.
trauma
161
Means pertaining to a virus
viral
162
means having the nature, properties, or qualities of an adult male
virile
