Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Functions of the CVS

Answer 1

Delivers O2 and nutrients to tissues
Removes waste
Transports hormones

Question 2

2 branches of the CVS

Answer 2

Systemic and pulmonary

Question 3

Systemic

Answer 3

carries blood throughout the body

Arteries, veins, and capillaries

Question 4

Pulmonary

Answer 4

carries blood to and from the lungs

Question 5

Pericardium

Answer 5

surrounds the heart to provide protection and support

Question 6

Myocardium

Answer 6

cardiac muscle

Question 7

Endocardium

Answer 7

inner structures

Question 8

4 chambers

Answer 8

2 atria and 2 ventricles

Question 9

Conduction system

Answer 9

organizes electrical impulses in the cardiac cells

Question 10

excitability

Answer 10

ability of the cells to respond to electrical impulses

Question 11

Conductivity

Answer 11

ability of the cells to conduct an electrical impulse

Question 12

Automaticity

Answer 12

ability for cells to generate and contract with no external nerve impulse

Question 13

Dysrhythmias

Answer 13

abnormal electrical activity

Question 14

Blood pressure

Answer 14

force that blood exerts on the walls of blood vessels

reflects how hard the heart is working

Question 15

Systemic

Answer 15

top number

cardiac work phase

Question 16

Diastolic

Answer 16

bottom number

cardiac rest phase

Question 17

Afterload

Answer 17

pressure needed to eject the blood

Question 18

Preload

Answer 18

amount of blood returning

Question 19

Arteries

Answer 19

carries oxygenated blood away from heart

Question 20

Veins

Answer 20

carries deoxygenated blood to the heart

Question 21

3 layers of blood vessels

Answer 21

tunica intima
tunica media (muscle)
tunica adeventita (elastic layer)

Question 22

Pericarditis

Answer 22

Decreased BP
Increased HR initially Inflammation of the pericardium
Fluid accumulation

Question 23

Infective endocarditis

Answer 23

vegetation forms on internal structures and creates small thrombi

Question 24

Stenosis

Answer 24

narrowing of the valves

decreased cardiac output increased cardio workload

Question 25

Regurgitation

Answer 25

insufficient closure back flow decreased output and increased workload

Question 26

Heart failure

Answer 26

``` inadequate pumping decreased cardiac output Increased afterload and preload Compensatory mechanisms will be activated Chronic or acute ```

Question 27

Types of heart failure

Answer 27

``` Systolic diastolic mixed left sided right sided ```

Question 28

Systolic heart failure

Answer 28

decreased contractility

Question 29

Diastolic heart failure

Answer 29

decreased filling

Question 30

Mixed

Answer 30

both systolic and diastolic

Question 31

Left sided heart failure

Answer 31

Cardiac output fails | blood backs up into the pulmonary circulation

Question 32

Right sided failure

Answer 32

blood backs up into the systemic circulation

Question 33

Thrombosis

Answer 33

stationary blood clot

Question 34

Emboli

Answer 34

travelling body

Question 35

Aneurysms

Answer 35

Weakening of an artery | Can rupture

Question 36

Atherosclerosis

Answer 36

Thickening and hardening of the arterial wall chronic inflammatory disease Lesions on vessel wall and calcify

Question 37

Peripheral vascular disease

Answer 37

Narrowing of the peripheral vessels

Question 38

Coronary artery disease

Answer 38

Atherosclerosis changes of the coronary arteries | Impairs myocardial tissue perfusion

Question 39

Angina

Answer 39

chest pain

Question 40

Infarction

Answer 40

necrotic damage to myocardium

Question 41

Myocardial infarction

Answer 41

death of the myocardium blood flood is blocked heart attack

Question 42

Lymphedema

Answer 42

Swelling due to lymph destruction

Question 43

Primary lymphedema

Answer 43

rare and congenital

Question 44

Secondary lymphedema

Answer 44

caused by a surgery, radiation, cancer, etc

Question 45

Hypertension

Answer 45

Prolonged elevation of BP Excessive cardiac workload increased afterload

Question 46

Primary hypertension

Answer 46

most common | gradually developes

Question 47

Secondary hypertension

Answer 47

Sudden and severe | Caused by another disease

Question 48

Shock

Answer 48

Decreased blood volume or circulatory stagnation | Inadequate tissue and organ perfusion

Question 49

Compensatory shock

Answer 49

sympathetic nervous system is activated

Question 50

Preogressive shock

Answer 50

Compensatory fails | Tissues become hypoxic

Question 51

Irreversible shock

Answer 51

Organ damage occurs

Question 52

5 types of shock

Answer 52

1. Distributive Neurogenic 2. Distributive septic 3. Distributive Anaphylactic 4. Cardiogenic 5. Hypovolemic

Question 53

Neurogenic shock

Answer 53

loss of sympathetic tone and automatic function | Massive vasodilation

Question 54

Septic shock

Answer 54

Bacterial endotoxins activate in immune reaction

Question 55

Anaphylactic

Answer 55

Allergic reaction

Question 56

Cardiogenic shock

Answer 56

left ventricle cannot maintain adequate cardiac output

Question 57

Hypovolemic shock

Answer 57

Venous return reduces because of external blood volume lesions

Question 58

Myocardial Ischema

Answer 58

injury and decreased blood flow to cardiac muscle