Renal and Urologic Systems

Question 1

What is the bladder lined with

Answer 1

epithelial cells and rugae

Question 2

What kind of muscle is in the bladder

Answer 2

detruser muscle

Question 3

What contains the upper urinary tract

Answer 3

kidneys and ureters

Question 4

What contains the lower urinary tract

Answer 4

bladder and urethra

Question 5

Detruser muscle

Answer 5

stretchy muscle in bladder

Question 6

What part of the brain tells the sphincter to open

Answer 6

pons

Question 7

What are ureters

Answer 7

muscular tubes

Question 8

What is the outer layer of the ureters

Answer 8

retro peritoneal

Question 9

Where do ureters do and where do they attach

Answer 9

transport urine and bottom of bladder

Question 10

What do ureters use to transport urine

Answer 10

peristalsis

Question 11

What is the capacity for the bladder

Answer 11

800 mL - 1L

Question 12

Micturition

Answer 12

urination

Question 13

Trigon

Answer 13

triangle between ureters and sphincter holes with smooth muscle (bottom of bladder)

Question 14

Why is the trigon important

Answer 14

common site of infection

Question 15

Common changes to the bladder related to aging

Answer 15

Stretchy reduces
Decrease in capacity
Weakness in pelvic floor muscles

Question 16

How long is women’s urethra

Answer 16

3-4 cm

Question 17

How long is men’s urethra

Answer 17

15-20 cm

Question 18

Infection in bladder

Answer 18

Cystitis

Question 19

Infection in urethra

Answer 19

urethritis

Question 20

infection in kidneys

Answer 20

Pyelonephritis

Question 21

Whos more at risk for a UTI?

Answer 21

older adults and women

Question 22

Why are older adults more common to get a UTI?

Answer 22

reduced capacity
reduced cognitive functioning
more likely to be catheterized

Question 23

Common risk factors on a UTI?

Answer 23

Close to vagina and rectum 
Sex
Age
Gender
Immobility 
Catheter 
Decreased self care

Question 24

Flank pain

Answer 24

back pain with UTI

Question 25

Signs and symptoms of a UTI?

Answer 25

``` Confusion Malaise Fever Fatigue Urgency ```

Question 26

Nephron

Answer 26

Main filtration unit of the kidney

Question 27

What % urine

Answer 27

95% water | 5% dissolved solids

Question 28

How much blood does a kidney filter every day

Answer 28

180L

Question 29

GFR

Answer 29

Glomerular filtration rate 125 mL of blood per minute

Question 30

Age related changes to the kidneys

Answer 30

decreased in nephrons decreased circulation number of chronic conditions increase

Question 31

Oliguria

Answer 31

Not peeing enough

Question 32

5 major functions of the kidneys

Answer 32

``` Makes urine Regulates food balance and BP Helps body make vit. D for bones Manages pH Makes some hormones ```

Question 33

How kidney creates urine (the four steps)

Answer 33

1. Filtration - blood goes into the bowman's capsule and takes out all waste 2. Reabsorption - blood goes through the loop of henle and takes out any useful solutes (water) from filtrate and puts it back into blood 3. Secretion - removal of any extra waste from blood and puts it in filtrate 4. Excursion - blood returns to body and urine goes to collection duct

Question 34

Renal calculi

Answer 34

kidney stones | hard masses of crystals

Question 35

5 ways to get renal calculi out of the kidney

Answer 35

``` pass it lithotripsy percutaneous nephrolithotomy urteroscopy surgery ```

Question 36

Signs and symptoms of renal calculi

Answer 36

flank pain, radiating pain to the abdomen, infection, obstructed urine flow

Question 37

3 places renal calculi cause obstruction

Answer 37

renal pelvis ureter uretovesicular junction

Question 38

When is renal calculi an emergency

Answer 38

anurea (can't pee)

Question 39

main issue of Chronic kidney disease

Answer 39

progressive nephron loss

Question 40

main causes of CKD

Answer 40

diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis

Question 41

First clinical indicator of CKD

Answer 41

GFR increase

Question 42

What happens with nephron loss

Answer 42

increase in waste waiting to get filtrated

Question 43

Symptoms of CKD

Answer 43

Confusion, nausea, vomiting, itchy, edema, heart failure, anemia

Question 44

Treatment of CKD

Answer 44

Treating underlying cause Lifestyle changes Medications

Question 45

ESRD

Answer 45

End stage renal disease

Question 46

How is ESRD treated

Answer 46

kidney transplant or dialysis