Respiratory System

Question 1

Where is the main functioning area in the brain for breathing

Answer 1

medulla

Question 2

two divisions of the resp system

Answer 2

air conducting and gas exchange

Question 3

Air conduction

Answer 3

Delivers air to the lungs

Nose, mouth, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles

Question 4

Gas exchanges

Answer 4

swaps gases between air and blood

alveoli and capillaries

Question 5

What is required for gas exchange

Answer 5

adequate ventilation (air) and perfusion (blood)

Question 6

What is gas exchange dependant on

Answer 6

alveolar and capillary surface area and thickness

Question 7

Lung compliance depends on

Answer 7

elasticity and recoil

surfactant

Question 8

Surfactant

Answer 8

fatty sealant
has detergent quality
prevents collapse of alveoli

Question 9

Role of pH balance in lungs

Answer 9

CO2 is acidic and O2 is basic

Question 10

Increased rate of breathing..

Answer 10

expels more CO2 and raises pH (basic)

Question 11

Decreased rate of breathing…

Answer 11

retains more CO2 and lowers pH (acidic)

Question 12

Acute bronchitis

Answer 12

Inflammation of the large bronchi

Question 13

Cause of acute bronchitis

Answer 13

Viruses
Bacteria
Irritant inhalation
Allergic reactions

Question 14

Some manifestations of acute bronchitis

Answer 14

Productive and non productive cough
Wheezing
Fever
Malaise

Question 15

Influenza

Answer 15

flu

Viral infection that may infect the upper and lower resp tract

Question 16

Type A influenza

Answer 16

most severe and most common

Question 17

Type B influenza

Answer 17

less severe

Question 18

Type C influenza

Answer 18

usually causes small outbreaks

Question 19

When is flue season

Answer 19

nov. to march

Question 20

What is the incubation period of the flu

Answer 20

1-4 days

Question 21

Pneumonia causes

Answer 21

infectious agents
injuries, agents, or events
pulmonary secretion stasis

Question 22

Asthma

Answer 22

Chronic disorder that results in intermittent reversible airway obstruction

Question 23

Pneumonia

Answer 23

inflammation in lungs with pus in air sacs

Question 24

Stage one of asthma

Answer 24

bronchospasms signalled by coughing

15 - 30 minutes

Question 25

Stage two asthma

Answer 25

6 hours after symptom onset | result of airway edema and mucus production

Question 26

Status asthmaticus

Answer 26

life threatening | prolonged asthma attack that doesnt respond to treatment

Question 27

Partial pressure

Answer 27

pressure a gas exerts if it is the only gas in the mixture

Question 28

COPD

Answer 28

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Includes chronic bronchitis and or emphysema Debilitating, irreversible, progressive tissue degeneration and airway obstruction

Question 29

COPD what drives breathing

Answer 29

O2

Question 30

Some causes of COPD

Answer 30

smoking, pollution, chemical irritants, genetic mutations

Question 31

Chronic bronchitis

Answer 31

blue bloaters inflammation of the bronchi productive cough excessive mucus production

Question 32

Emphysema

Answer 32

Pink puffers | Destruction of the alveolar walls leads to inflamed alveoli

Question 33

Air trapping

Answer 33

in emphysema Loss of elastic recoil hyperinflation of the alveoli

Question 34

Causes of emphysema

Answer 34

genetics | smoking

Question 35

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 35

life threatening | severe lung damage and nutrition deficits

Question 36

Mucus and CF

Answer 36

secretions become thick and cant cough it up | Dehydrated and viscus

Question 37

Atelectasis

Answer 37

collapse of alveoli

Question 38

Lung cancer

Answer 38

third most common cancer | Deadliest

Question 39

Pleural effusion

Answer 39

Fluid in pleural cavity

Question 40

Pneumothorax

Answer 40

Air in the pleural cavity | lung can collapse

Question 41

Pulmonary embolism

Answer 41

Blood clot lodged in pulmonary artery Restricts blood flow to the lung Rapidly developing respiratory failure

Question 42

3 risk factors of PE

Answer 42

blood stasis trauma diagnosis that increases clotting

Question 43

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 43

critical patients | widespread inflammation in lungs

Question 44

Causes of atelectasis

Answer 44

``` surfactant deficiencies obstruction compression surface tension lung fibrosis ```

Question 45

Acute respiratory failure

Answer 45

Life threatening Inability of the lungs to maintain adequate oxygenation Result from another respiratory condition