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Pathophysiology > GI Tract > Flashcards

GI Tract Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

2 special features of the stomach

A

rugae and oblique muscle

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2
Q

Rugae

A

Folds of connection tissue that can expand

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3
Q

What is the goal of digestion

A

absorb nutrients

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4
Q

3 types of muscle in the stomach

A

Longitudinal, circular, and oblique

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5
Q

2 types of digestion

A

mechanical and chemical

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6
Q

Chyme

A

What food turns into in the stomach

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7
Q

how long from the stomach to the small intestine

A

3-4 hours

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8
Q

How long from the stomach to poop

A

8-9 hours or 1-2 days

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9
Q

What do enzymes in the stomach do

A

help break down food

Neutralize acid

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10
Q

What is the pH in the stomach

A

1-2

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11
Q

Why is there mucus in the stomach

A

Lines it to protect it

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12
Q

Some symptoms of digestion dysfunction

A

Nausea, vomiting, Diarrhea, anorexia, constipation, heartburn

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13
Q

What contains the upper GI tract

A

mouth to beginning of the small intestine

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14
Q

What contains the lower GI tract

A

small intestine to anus

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15
Q

Gastritis

A

Inflammation of the mucosal lining of the stomach

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16
Q

What is the most common cause of gastritis

A

h. pylori bacteria

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17
Q

Signs and symptoms of gastritis

A

indigestion, heart burn, epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting

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18
Q

Treatments for gastritis

A

Medications, avoiding triggers, small frequent meals

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19
Q

Peptic ulcers

A

a breakdown in the mucosal lining in the stomach or duodenum

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20
Q

Erosion

A

Mucosal cells are damaged but not gone

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21
Q

Ulceration

A

Damage spreads down to submucosal layers

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22
Q

Main cause of ulcers

A

h. Pylori bacteria

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23
Q

Signs and symptoms of PU

A

increased pain with eating (gastric)

decreased pain when eating (duodenum)

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24
Q

4 goals of treatment for PU

Study These Flashcards
A

Relief of pain and symptoms
Promotion of healing
Prevention of complications
Prevention of reoccurence

25
When is surgery required for PU
Perforation obstruction anemic hemorrhage
26
4 layers of intestines
mucosa submucosa muscularis serosa
27
main role of the SI
absorption of nutrients, add digestive enzymes
28
main roles of the LI
water absorption bacterial breakdown make poooooo
29
main difference between SI and LI
SI has villi
30
Small villi
more surface area to absorb more nutrients | 20ft. long
31
Hernia
Weakness in the structure and opens
32
Peritoneum
lining that has blood and lymph nodes
33
Parietal peritoneum
lining of the intestines
34
Visceral peritoneum
Lining of the abdominal muscles
35
3 ways the intestines can become obstructed
1. organic disease 2. mechanical obstruction 3. functional obstruction
36
5 areas that are prone to hernias
``` Esophageal Umbilical ring Inguinal canal (75%) Femoral canal Incision ```
37
Strangled hernia
tissue gets twisted outside of the hernia
38
Signs and symptoms of hernias
pain, bump
39
Reduction
manual manipulation of hernia
40
treatment of hernia
watchful waiting, surgery, truss
41
Life of an intestinal cell
about 5 days
42
Haustra
Muscles that are stimulated by expansion or eating | In large intestine
43
Inflammatory bowel disease
umbrella term for several bowel disorders
44
2 types of inflammatory bowel disease
crohn's and ulcerated colitis
45
Crohn's disease
ulcers anywhere in the GI tract
46
Skip lesions
areas of healthy tissue and some inflamed tissue
47
Ulcerated colitis
Ulcers that begin in the rectum and move up LI
48
Treatments for IBD
Meds fro symptoms, meds for disease, ongoing monitoring, diet and nutrition
49
Irritable bowel syndrome
collection of chronic symptoms with no inflammation and no physical changes
50
Cause of IBS
something that creates a change (trigger)
51
Trigger
something that stimulates a response
52
Some common symptoms of IBS
Pain, diarrhea OR constipation, abdominal cramps, bloating
53
IBS diagnosis
no testing | Based on certain symptoms for a certain period of time
54
2 components of Diverticular disease
Diverticulosis and diverticulitis
55
Diverticulosis
the pouch in the bowel
56
Diverticulitis
the pouch becomes inflamed
57
Causes of diverticular disease
obesity, chronic constipation , pelvis floor injury
58
How does osis turn into itis
when food or feces gets in the pouch

Pathophysiology (11 decks)

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