Cardiovascular System Flashcards
(128 cards)
1
Q
functions of blood
A
▫transport dissolved substances ▫regulate ph and ions ▫restriction of fluid loss due to injury ▫defense against pathogens ▫stabilize body temp
2
Q
fractionation
A
separating blood for analysis
3
Q
plasma makes up what % of blood volume
A
50-60
4
Q
how plasma differs from interstitial fluid
A
▫levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide
▫concentration of proteins
5
Q
plasma consists of
A
▫water
▫proteins
▫other solutes
6
Q
red blood cells
A
transport oxygen
7
Q
platelets
A
involved in clotting process
8
Q
hemopoiesis
A
process of making formed elements
9
Q
3 types of formed elements
A
▫red blood cells
▫white blood cells
▫platelets
10
Q
what makes up the majority of formed elements
A
red blood cells
11
Q
rouleaux
A
stack of red blood cells
12
Q
red blood cells lack what
A
nuclei, mitochondria, and ribosomes
13
Q
stages of red blood cell maruration
A
▫myeloid stem cell ▫proerythroblast ▫erythrocyte ▫reticulocyte ▫mature red blood cell
14
Q
erythropoeitin
A
hormone that stimulates red blood cell production when oxygen levels are low
15
Q
hemoglobin
A
protein that transports respiratory gases
16
Q
structure of hemoglobin is made of
A
4 subunits, each containing a molecule of heme
17
Q
oxyhemoglobin
A
plenty of oxygen
18
Q
deoxyhemoglobin
A
low oxygen
19
Q
function if white blood cells
A
▫defend against pathogens
▫remove toxins and waste
▫attack abnormal cells
20
Q
types of white blood cells
A
▫neutrophils ▫eosinophils ▫basophils ▫monocytes ▫lymphocytes
21
Q
neutrophils
A
active in attacking and engulfing bacterial pathogens
22
Q
eosinophils
A
▫attack large parasites by excreting toxic compounds
▫sense give to allergens
23
Q
basophils
A
dialate blood vessels and help prevent clottinf
24
Q
monocytes
A
▫engulf large particles and pathogens
▫secrete substances that attract immune system cells
25
lymphocytes
identify and destroy specific pathogens
26
types of lymphocytes
▫t cells
▫b cells
▫natural killer cells
27
t cells
detect and destroy cells w/o use of antibodies
28
b cells
detect and destroy pathogens using antibodies
29
natural killer cells
detect and destroy abnormal tissue cells
30
3 functions of platelets
▫release important clotting chemicals
▫temporarily path damaged vessel walls
▫contract tissues after clot formation
31
thrombocytopoiesis
production of platelets
32
thrombocytopenia
abnormally low platelet count
33
thrombocytosis
abnormally high count
34
3 phases of hemostasis (stop bleeding)
▫vascular phase
▫platelet phase
▫coagulation phase
35
vascular phase
blood vessel damaged contricts
36
platelet phase
platelets signaled and form platelet plug to close openeing
37
coagulation phase
platelets contract, pulling ends of hole together, fibrin form over plug
38
thrombus
abnormal blood clot
39
embolus
when clot moves to another place
40
cerebral embolism
blood clot goes to brain
41
pericardium
loose fitting sac around the heart that anchors it, prevents over filling, and reduces friction
42
fibrous pericardium
tough, loose fitting, elastic layer
43
pericardium is composed of
▫fibrous pericardium
| ▫two layers of serous pericardium
44
parietal layer of serous pericardium
lines inside of pericardium
45
visceral layer of serous pericardium
adheres of outside of heart
46
epicardium
outer wall of heart
47
myocardium
cardiac muscle layer forming bulk of heart
48
endocardium
inner endothelium layer of heart
49
layer if heart walls from outside to inside
▫epicardium
▫myocardium
▫endocardium
50
layers of pericardium from outside in
▫fibrous
▫parietal
▫visceral
51
atria
two superior chambers of the heart that receive blood from body
52
ventricles
two inferior chambers that pump blood out
53
atroventricular valves
between atria and ventricles
54
semilunar valves
between ventricles and arteries
55
tricuspid valve
between r atrium and r ventricle
56
chordae tendinae
connects tricuspid to muscle
57
bicuspid valve
between L atrium and L ventircle
58
pulmonary semilunar valve
between r ventricle and pulmonary trunk
59
aorta semilunar valve
between L ventricle and aorta
60
path of blood flow starting at right atrium
▫r atrium through tricuspid to r ventricle
▫r ventricle through pulmonary SL valve to pulmonary arteries
▫pulmonary arteries to lungs
▫lungs to pulmonary veins
▫pulmonary veins to L atrium
▫L atrium through bicuspid to L ventricle
▫L ventricle through aortic SL valve to aorta
▫aorta through arteries to body organs
▫body organs through veins to vena cava
▫vena cava to R atrium
61
coronary circularion
heart to heart
62
pulmonary circulation
heart to lungs
63
systemic circulation
heart to body
64
heart is innervated by what nerve
vagus nerve
65
conduction step 1
sinoarterial node sends signal to L atrium so both atria contract at the same time
66
conduction step 2
▫sinoarterial node passes signal to atrioventricular node.
| ▫signal travels from atria to ventricle via the bundle of his
67
conduction step 3
▫bundle of his carries signal towards apex
| ▫signal transfers to purkinje fibers which make cells contract around ventricle
68
systole
contraction
69
diastole
relaxation
70
normal bp
120/80
71
3 layers of blood vessels(out to in)
▫tunica adventita
▫tunica media
▫tunics intima
72
tuncia adventitia
fibrous connective tissue that holds vessels open
73
tunica media
smooth muscle/elastic CT that contracts and dialates blood vessels
74
tunica intima
endothelium layer containing valves in veins
75
arteries
carry blood away from the heart
76
veins
carry blood towards the heart
77
arterioles
small artery
78
venules
small veins
79
capillaries
where arterial system switches to the venous system
80
precapillary sphincter
circular valve like muscle at arteriole-capillary junction
81
vasoconstriction
narrowing of vessel
82
vasodialation
expanding blood vessel
83
aorta
▫largest artery
| ▫leaves L ventricle
84
pulmonary artery
▫leaves R ventricle
| ▫carries blood to lungs
85
pulmonary veins
returns blood from lungs
86
vena cava
returns blood from rest of body to right atrium
87
coronary arteries
supply blood to heart itself
88
brachiocephalic artery
branches into R subclavian and R common carotid
89
L common carotid
supplies left side of head
90
L subclavian artery
supplies to arm
91
varicose veins
when blood pools in veins
92
SADS
heart unexplainable stops working
93
heart murmers
unusual sound caused by valve issue
94
mitral valve prolapse
valve shifts out of place shifts and causes a clicking sound
95
myocardial infarction
obstruction in coronary artery
96
arteriosclerosis
deposits of fatty material that reduce blood flow
97
aneurism
a localized blood filled balloon in the wall of a vessel
98
stroke
blood flow to brain is cut off
99
hemorrhagic stroke
aneurysm that bursts
100
ischemic stroke
blood vessel is blocked
101
average temo of blood
38°C
102
average ph of blood
7.35-7.45
103
erythrocyte
red blood cell
104
leukocyte
white blood cell
105
thrombocyte
platelet
106
how many red blood cells in 1 drop of blood
4.2-6.3 million
107
how many white blood cells in one micro liter
5000-10000
108
how many platelet in one microliter
150,000-500,000
109
Rh factor
another set of proteins in he blood
110
group of cells that act as hearts pace maker
sinoarterial node
111
coronary
heart
112
subclavian (R/L)
arms
113
common carotid (R/L)
head and neck
114
intercostal
cheat wall
115
gonadal
testes/ovaries
116
superior mesenteric
small intestine and upper large intestine
117
inferior mesenteric
lower large intestine
118
renal
kidney
119
hepatic
liver
120
splenic
spleen
121
left gastirc
stomach
122
external illiac
legs
123
internal illiac
pelvic organs
124
what % of formed elements are red blood cells
99%
125
three classes of proteins in plasma
▫albumins
▫globulins
▫fibrinogen
126
albumin
transport substances such of fatty acids and hormones
127
globulins
transport globulins
128
fibrinogen
form clots and produce fibrin
