Endocrine System

Question 1

main function of endocrine system

Answer 1

maintain homeostasis

Question 2

regulates and controls: (7)

Answer 2

▫growth
▫development
▫secondary sexual characteristics
▫how body uses energy
▫levels of salts/sugars in blood
▫volume of fluid in body
▫appetite

Question 3

master gland

Answer 3

pituitary

Question 4

pituitary is controlled by

Answer 4

hypothalamus

Question 5

anterior pituitary hormones (6)

Answer 5

▫prolactin
▫growth hormone
▫adrenicorticotropin
▫thyroid stimulating hormone
▫lutenizing hormone
▫follicle stimulating hormone

Question 6

prolactin

Answer 6

stimulates milk production after childbirth

Question 7

growth hormone

Answer 7

▫stimulates growth in childhood

▫maintains muscle/bone mass and controls fat distribution in adults

Question 8

adrenocorticotropin

Answer 8

stimulates adrenal glands

Question 9

thyroid stimulating hormone

Answer 9

stimulates thyroid

Question 10

luteinizing hormone

Answer 10

regulates sex hormones

Question 11

follicle stimulating hormone

Answer 11

▫promotes sperm production in males

▫promotes ovulation in females

Question 12

posterior pituitary hormones

Answer 12

▫oxytocin

▫antidiuretic hormone

Question 13

oxytocin

Answer 13

▫causes milk let down during nursing

▫causes contractions during childbirth

Question 14

thyroid hormones

Answer 14

▫T4
▫T3
▫calcitonin

Question 15

T3 and T4

Answer 15

increase the rate at which cells release energy from carbohydrates

Question 16

calcitonin

Answer 16

takes calcium out of blood and into bones

Question 17

parathyroid hormone

Answer 17

takes calcium from the bones to make it available in the blood

Question 18

adrenal hormones

Answer 18

▫adrenaline
▫aldosterone
▫cortisol

Question 19

adrenalin (epinephrine)

Answer 19

increases heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure

Question 20

aldosterone

Answer 20

helps kidneys conserve sodium and excrete potassium to maintain blood pressure

Question 21

cortisol

Answer 21

keeps blood glucose levels stable

Question 22

pancreatic hormones

Answer 22

▫insulin

▫glucagon

Question 23

glucagon

Answer 23

▫stimulates liver to breakdown glucose

▫ raises blood sugar levels

Question 24

insulin

Answer 24

▫stimulates cells to take in more glucose

▫lowers blood sugar levels

Question 25

pineal gland hormone

Answer 25

melatonin

Question 26

melatonin

Answer 26

maintains the circadian rhythm

Question 27

where is the pineal gland located

Answer 27

between the cerebral hemispheres

Question 28

thymus gland hormone

Answer 28

thymosins

Question 29

thymosins

Answer 29

important in immune function

Question 30

reproductive hormones

Answer 30

▫testosterone ▫progesterone ▫estrogen

Question 31

endocrine glands

Answer 31

release chemicals directly into blood stream

Question 32

exocrine glands

Answer 32

release chemicals onto surface of body or tissue

Question 33

merocrine secretion

Answer 33

hormones released by vessicles

Question 34

apocrine secretion

Answer 34

small portion of the cell are pinched off and lost to secrete hormone

Question 35

holocrine secretion

Answer 35

large portions of the cell are lost to secrete hormone and cell dies

Question 36

target cells

Answer 36

the cells that a particular hormone works on

Question 37

Belgian blue breed

Answer 37

breed of cattle that has suppressed production of myostatin

Question 38

myostatin

Answer 38

inhibits muscle growth

Question 39

too small of a pituitary

Answer 39

▫too little GH | ▫dwarfism

Question 40

too big pituitary

Answer 40

▫too much GH | ▫gigantism

Question 41

goiters

Answer 41

▫swelling of the thyroid caused by lack of iodine | ▫hypothyroidism

Question 42

iodine is found in

Answer 42

▫seafood | ▫iodized salt

Question 43

graves disease

Answer 43

▫caused by hyperthyroidism | ▫enlargement of thyroid, eye bulging, heat intolerance, anxiety

Question 44

Cushing disease

Answer 44

▫hyperadrenocorticism | ▫increased thirst and urination, increased hunger, round red face, fat upper body with skinny limbs

Question 45

addisons disease

Answer 45

▫undersecretion of cortisol | ▫low bp, increased pigmentation, weight loss, extreme fatigue

Question 46

precocious puberty

Answer 46

▫when puberty begins before 8 in girls and before 9 in boys

Question 47

diabetes results from

Answer 47

an insulin deficiency

Question 48

type 1 diabetes

Answer 48

▫insulin dependent | ▫autoimmune disease that attacks pancreatic cells

Question 49

type 2 diabetes

Answer 49

▫adult onset | ▫caused by weight

Question 50

hyperglycemia

Answer 50

blood sugar rises

Question 51

hypoglycemia

Answer 51

blood sugar is too low

Question 52

gestational diabetes

Answer 52

when pregnancy hormones block insulin from doing its job

Question 53

diabetic neuropathies

Answer 53

family of nerve disorders caused by diabetes

Question 54

anabolic steriods

Answer 54

synthetic hormones that are similar to androgens

Question 55

androgens

Answer 55

male sex hormones

Question 56

how tall was the tallest man

Answer 56

8ft 11

Question 57

what gland regulates metabolism

Answer 57

thyroid

Question 58

what are corticosteroids used to treat

Answer 58

inflammation