Digestive/excritory System Flashcards
(98 cards)
1
Q
functions of digestive system
A
▫mechanical and chemical break down of food
▫absorption of nutrients
2
Q
other names for digestive system
A
▫alimentary canal
▫gastrointestinal tract
3
Q
layers of alimentary canal outside to inside
A
▫serosa
▫muscular
▫submucosa
▫mucosa
4
Q
function of serosa layer
A
lubricates peritoneum
5
Q
function of muscular layer
A
movement of materials
6
Q
submucosa layer function
A
contains glands, blood vessels, and nerves
7
Q
mucosa later function
A
absorbs nutrients
8
Q
teeth function
A
grind food
9
Q
eliglottis
A
covers trachea
10
Q
uvula function
A
covers nasal passage
11
Q
3 areas of salivary glands
A
▫parotid
▫submandibular
▫sublingual
12
Q
parotid is located
A
by ear/cheeck
13
Q
submandibular located
A
below jaw
14
Q
sublingual is located
A
under tongue
15
Q
amylase converts _____ into_____
A
starch into sugars
16
Q
esophageal hiatus
A
when esophagus passes through diaphragm
17
Q
cardiac sphincter
A
opens and closes entrance to stomach from esophagus
18
Q
function of esophagus
A
tube that carries/pushes food from mouth to stomach
19
Q
stomach
A
mixes food with digestive juices
20
Q
pepsin breaks down
A
proteins
21
Q
chyme
A
lumpy paste made my stomach
22
Q
rugae
A
folds of stomach to increase surface area
23
Q
regions of the stomach
A
▫cardiac
▫fundus
▫body
▫pyloric
24
Q
cardiac region of the stomach
A
where esophagus meets stomach
25
fundus region of stomach
region next to cardiac higher than esophageal entrance
26
body of stomach
main part of stomach
27
pyloric part of stomach
region where stomach attaches to duodenum
28
HCL in stomach is used to
kill bacteria
29
how long is the small intestine
18ft
30
3 regions of small intestine
▫duodenum
▫jejunum
▫ileum
31
region where the small and large intestines meet
cecum
32
function of the small intenstine
absorb nutrients
33
function of the large intestine
absorbs water and concentrates waste
34
length of large intestine
4.5 ft
35
regions if the large intestine
▫ascending
▫transverse
▫descending
▫sigmoidal
36
rectum
short term storage of solid waste
37
anus
muscular sphincter which controls the excretion of solid waste
38
accessory structures
▫liver
▫gallbladder
▫pancreas
39
liver function
▫produces bile
| ▫filters toxins
40
how many lobes of the liver are there
4
41
gallbladder
stores bile from the bile and releases it into the small intestine
42
four phases of digestion
▫ingestion
▫digestion
▫movement
▫absorption
43
ingestion
consumption or taking in of nutrients
44
mechanical digestion
physically tearing and grinding food
45
mechanical digestion is done mostly by
teeth and tongue
46
chemical digestion
different enzymes break down carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids
47
pH of saliva
7
48
bolus
food after it mixes with saliva
49
peristalsis
the involuntary constriction and relaxation of smooth muscle to push food
50
function if good gut bacteria
help to breakdown compounds into absorbable nutrienrs, produce certain vitamins, and neutralize harmful compounds
51
gleeking
accumulation of saliva in the submandibular gland that is propelled out
52
stomach growls
when muscles contract and mood air in your stomach and intestine
53
acid reflux
▫small amount of stomach acid going into the esophagus
| ▫s- burning sensation of the "heart"
54
ulcers
▫sores on the inner walls of the stomach or small intenstines
55
causes of ulcers
▫bacteria (h. pylori)
| ▫smoking, alcohol, stress
56
ulcer symptoms
▫burning pain in abdomen
57
ulcer treatments
antacids
| drugs to block histamine release
58
indigestion
▫stomach acid becomes too acidic (lower pH)
| ▫caused by eating too fast, too much, or foods that are spicy/acidic
59
appendicitis
▫when appendix becomes inflamed
| ▫s- pain in lower right quadrant, tenderness, fever, nausea, vomiting
60
indigestion treated
antiacids
61
diarrhea
watery feces caused by the large intestine not absorbing enough water
62
diarrhea causes
▫bacteria
▫viruses
▫food poisoning
▫nutritional deficiencies
63
cirrhosis
▫chronic degradation of the liver mostly caused by alcohol consumption
▫normal tissue replaced with fibrous tissue
64
gastroenteritis
▫inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the stomach and intestines
▫causes by viruses
65
gastroenteritis symptoms
diarrhea and vomiting for 24-36 hours
66
gallstones
▫when bile solidifies into tiny rocks
▫can be genetic or caused by weight
▫treated by surgery
67
kidney stones (nephrolithiasis)
▫occur due to decrease in urine volume or excess stone forming substances in urine
▫s-pain and blood in urine
▫treated by surgery or passing
68
lap band surgery
▫device is placed around the upper portion of the stomach to slow the consumption of food
▫used for weight loss in extreme cases
69
celiac disease
▫autoimmune disorder affecting villi/microvilli of small intestine
▫s- diarrhea, abdominal distension, loss of appetite
70
crohn's disease
▫inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of the alimentary canal
▫s- abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, and weight loss
71
crohn's treatment
antibiotics, strict diets, and surgery
72
colon cancer
▫uncontrolled cell growth on intestinal cells caused by genetics, age, or diet
▫s- diarrhea, constipation, rectal bleeding, pain, ibs, unexplained weight loss
73
colon cancer treatment
chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery
74
functions of excretory system
collects and removes waste
75
cellular waste examples
heat, water, salts, CO2, urea
76
solid waste is made of
excess food and compounds that can't be broken down
77
urinary system consists of
▫kidneys
▫ureters
▫urinary bladder
▫urethra
78
kidney function
filter blood to remove cellular waste products
79
functional unit of the kidney
nephron
80
blood is supplied to the kidney by ____ and returned via _____
supplied b renal artery
| returned by renal vein
81
nephron function
clean and rebalance the blood to produce urine
82
renal capsule
outermost membrane of the kidney that protects kidney and helps is maintain shape
83
renal cortex
reddish part of the kidney that contains the bowman's capsules and tubules
84
renal medulla
red-brown part if kidney that contains the loops of henle
85
renal pyramids
segments of the medulla that contain nephrons
86
renal columns
regions between pyramids
87
3 stages of filtration
▫filtration
▫reabsorption
▫excretion
88
filtration occurs in
bowman's capsule
89
what cannot be removes during filtration
red blood cells, platelets, and hormones
90
reabsorption occurs in
tubules
91
ureters
tubes that carry urine from kidneys to bladder
92
urinary bladder
temporarily stores urine
93
urethra
carries urine from urinary bladder to outside of body
94
urinalysis
physical and chemical examination or urine
95
urinalysis looks at
color, turbidity, odor, density
96
kidney failure
▫kidney stops effectively filtering blood
▫cause by infections, trauma, diabetes, tumors
▫s-build up of toxins, jaundice, fatigue
▫t- dialysis or transplantz
97
dialysis
the purification of blood by an external machine
98
ens
entric nervous system- system of nerves found in gut
