Chpt 1 Flashcards by Zoe Landis

Anatomy

Study of the structures of the body

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Homeostasis

Relatively constant internal environment

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Positive feedback loops

An initial stimulus produces a response that enhances the change in original condition to make it ends faster

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Negative feedback loops

A variation outside the desired range causes the body to respond to end the variation

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Physiology

The study of how organs perform their functions

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Root language for medical terminology

Latin

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Eponyms

Things named after discoverers or victims

Parkinson’s

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Macroscopic anatomy

Examines large structures of the body

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Microscopic anatomy

Deals with structures that cannot be seen without magnification

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Cytology

Study of cells

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Histology

Study of tissues

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Levels of organization

atoms
molecule
macromolecule
organelle
cell
tissue
organ
organ system
organism

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Intrinsic regulation

Self regulation by a cell or organ automatically

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Extrinsic regulation

Regulation by the endocrine or nervous system

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Homeostatic regulation mechanism parts

receptor
control/integration center
effector

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Receptor

Receives info that something is off

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Control/integration center

Receives and processes info

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Effector

Cell or organ hat responds to commands or control center

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Equilibrium

When opposing forces are in balance

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Dynamic equilibrium

Systems are constantly adjusting and adapting to changing conditions

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Viewed from the front

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Posterior

Viewed from the back

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Superior

Above

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Inferior

Below

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Medial

Towards the middle

Lateral

Towards the edge

Dorsal

Towards the back

Ventral

Towards the front

Abdominopelvic quadrants and organ in each

Check physical card

Abdominopelvic regions and organ in each

Check physical card

Transverse plane

Parallel to the floor

Frontal/coronal plane

Perpendicular to the floor

Sagittal plane

Perpendicular to floor, splits into left and right

Dorsal body cavity divided into

Cranial and vertebral

Ventral body cavity divided into

Thoracic and abdominopelvic

Thoracic cavity contains

Heart and lungs

Pleura

Membrane that surrounds all of the thoracic cavities to reduce friction

Pleural cavities

Contain lungs

Mediastinum

Membrane that separates the left and right pleural cavities and surrounds esophagus

Pericardial cavity

Contains the heart

Pericardium

Membrane surrounding pericardial cavity to reduce friction

Abdominopelvic cavity extends from _____ to ______

Diaphragm to pelvis

Abdominal region

Abbs

Acromial region

Back of the shoulder

Antebrachial

Upper forearm

Antecubital

Elbow

Axilla body region

Under arms

Brachial body region

Upper arm

Buccal body region

Cheek

Calcaneal body region

Heel

Carpal body region

Wrist

Celiac body region

Base of the sternum

Cephalic body region

Head

Cervical body region

Neck

Costal body region

Ribs

Coxal body region

Hip bone area

Cranial body region

Top of the head

Crual body region

Shin

Digital body region

Fingers

Dorsal body region

Back

Facial body region

Face

Femoral body region

Thigh

Frontal body region

Forehead

Genital body region

Genitals

Gluteal body region

Butt

Hallux body region

Big toe

Inguinal body region

Inside of hips

Lumbar body region

Lower back

Mammary body region

Pecs

Mental body region

Chin

Nasal body region

Nose

Occipital body region

Back of the head

Ocular body region

Eye

Olecranal body region

Back of the elbo

Oral body region

Mouth

Orbital body region

Eye socket

Otic body region

Ears

Palmar body region

Palm

Patellar body region

Knee

Pectoral body region

Pecs

Pedal body region

Foot

Pelvic body region

Pelvis

Pollex body region

Thumb

Popliteal body region

Back of the knee

Pubic body region

Area directly around genitals

Sacral body region

Tailbone

Tarsal body region

Ankle

Sternal body region

Sternum

Sural body region

Calf

Thoracic body region

Chest

Umbilical body region

Belly button

Vertebral body region

Spine

Nervous system functions and organs

* recognizes and coordinates body's response to changes | * brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves

Integumentary system function and organs

* barrier, regulates body temp, protects from sun | * skin, hair, nails, sweat, oil glands

Respiratory system organs

•nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs

Digestive system organs and functions

* converts food into usable molecules, absorbs food, eliminates waste * mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, rectum

Muscular system functions and organs

* movement, circulate blood, move food through body | * types of muscles

Circulatory system functions and structures

* transports oxygen nutrients and hormones, regulates body temp, removes waste * heart blood vessels, blood

Endocrine system structures and functions

* growth and development, metabolism, homeostasis | * hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries, testes

Reproductive system structures and functions

* produces reproductive cells, grows embryos * males: testes, epididymis, vas deferense, urethra, penis * females: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina

Lymphatic / immune system structures and functions

* protects body from disease, collects fluid lost from vessels, returns fluid to circulatory system * white blood cells, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, lymph vessels

Excretory system structures and functions

* eliminates waste, homeostasis | * skin, lungs, kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra