Cardiovascular System Conditions/Procedures Flashcards
1
Q
Blocks ACE enzyme, as well as angiotensin II, which lowers blood pressure
A
ACE inhibitor
2
Q
decrease in erythrocytes or hemoglobin
A
anemia
3
Q
ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall
A
aneurysm
4
Q
surgical removal of an aneurysm
A
aneurysmectomy
5
Q
surgical suturing of an aneurysm
A
aneurysmorrhaphy
6
Q
inflammation of a blood or lymph vessel
A
angiitis (angitis) (vasculitis)
7
Q
chest pain of cardiac origin
A
angina pectoris
8
Q
study of the blood vessels after the injection of a contrast medium
A
angiography
9
Q
surgical repair of a vessel
A
angioplasty
10
Q
insertion of a catheter with an attached camera to visualize a structure or vessel
A
angioscopy
11
Q
narrowing of a blood vessel
A
angiostenosis
12
Q
used to control irregularities in heartbeat
A
antiarrhythmic
13
Q
drug or chemical used to prevent blood from clotting
A
anticoagulant
14
Q
lowers blood pressure
A
antihypertensive
15
Q
narrowing of the aortic valve opening
A
aortic stenosis
16
Q
process of recording the aorta after the injection of a dye
A
aortography
17
Q
reduced red blood cell count due to red bone marrow disorders
A
aplastic anemia
18
Q
abnormal heart rhythm
A
arrhythmia
19
Q
surgical removal of part of an artery
A
arteriectomy
20
Q
hardening of the arteries
A
arteriosclerosis
21
Q
electronic device that can be attached externally or implanted internally that helps to regulate the heartbeat
A
artificial pacemaker
22
Q
recommended to reduce the risk of heart attack by slightly thinning the blood
A
aspirin
23
Q
removal of plaque
A
atherectomy
24
Q
fatty deposit or plaque within the arterial wall
A
atheroma
25
form of arteriosclerosis marked by calcium deposits in the arterial linings
atherosclerosis
26
electrical impulses move randomly throughout the atria, causing the atria to quiver instead of contracting with a normal rhythm
atrial fibrillation
27
machine that analyzes a patient's cardiac rhythm and delivers an electric shock if indicated
automated external defibrillator
28
inflammation of the lining of the valves of the heart caused by bacteria in the bloodstream
bacterial endocarditis
29
reduces the workload of the heart by slowing the heartbeat
beta blocker
30
any pathological condition of the cellular elements of the blood
blood dyscrasia
31
abnormally slow heartbeat
bradycardia
32
cause the heart and blood vessels to relax by decreasing the movement of calcium into the cells; reduces the workload of the heart
calcium channel blocker agents
33
heart and breathing stop suddenly and without warning
cardiac arrest
34
flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or an artery
cardiac catheterization
35
compression of the heart to an increase of fluid in the pericardium
cardiac tamponade
36
blood test used to measure the level of a protein that is released in the blood when myocardial cells die
cardiac troponin
37
physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the heart
cardiologist
38
abnormal enlargement of the heart
cardiomegaly
39
disease of the heart muscle
cardiomyopathy
40
emergency procedure for life support consisting of artificial respiration and cardiac compressions
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
41
inflammation of the valves of the heart
cardiovalvulitis
42
another name for defibrillation, causing the heart to return to normal rhythm
cardioversion
43
inflammation of the heart
carditis
44
is the removal of fatty plaque from the carotid artery
carotid endartectomy
45
type of fat made by the body from saturated fat
cholesterol
46
inadequate venous return over a prolonged period
chronic venous insufficiency
47
process of clotting blood
coagulation
48
narrowing of the aorta causing hypertension, ventricular strain, and ischemia
coarctation of the aorta
49
condition in which the heart in unable to pump out all the blood it receives
congestive heart failure
50
thalassemia that requires treatment with regular blood transfusions
Cooley's anemia
51
procedure in which a piece of vein is removed from the leg and implanted on the heart to replace a blocked coronary artery
coronary artery bypass graft
52
blockage of a coronary vessel often leading to a myocardial infaraction
coronary occulsion
53
the closing off of a vessel that feeds the heart muscle by a stationary clot or thrombus
coronary thrombosis
54
condition of having a thrombus attached to the wall of a deep vein
deep vein thrombosis
55
application of an electric shock to the myocardium through the chest wall to restore normal cardiac rhythm
defibrillation
56
combines angiography with computerized components to remove tissue and bones from the images
digital subtraction angiography
57
strengthens contraction of the heart muscle, slows the heart rate, and helps eliminate fluid from body tissues
digitalis
58
substance that causes an increased production of urine
diuretic
59
technique used to measure the velocity of blood flow
doppler sonography
60
diagnostic procedure to image structures of blood vessels and flow of blood through the vessels
duplex ultrasound
61
recording of the electrical activity of the heart
electrocardiogram
62
noninvasive process of recording the electrical activity of the heart
electrocardiography
63
enlargement of the lower extremities due to blockage of limp vessels commonly caused by filarial worms (filariae)
elephantiasis
64
surgical removal of an embolus or blood clot, usually with the catheter
embolectomy
65
blockage of a vessel by a clot or foreign material circulating through the blood
embolism
66
foreign object circulating in the blood
embolus
67
inflammation of the inner lining of the heart
endocarditis
68
red blood cells
erythrocytes
69
rapid, regular contractions of the atria and ventricles
flutter
70
abnormal heart sound heard when listening to the heart, caused by defective valves
heart murmur
71
benign tumor made of newly formed blood vessels
hemangioma
72
physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the blood
hematologist
73
disorder in which the intestine absorb too much iron, which accumulates in organs and causes damage
hemochromatosis
74
iron-containing protein in red blood cells that reversibly binds oxygen
hemoglobin
75
anemia caused by the destruction and underproduction of RBC's.
hemolytic anemia
76
loss of a large amount of blood in a short time
hemorrhage
77
control of bleeding
hemostasis
78
portable electrocardiograph that is worn by a patient to monitor heart rates over 24 hours
Holter monitor
79
excess amount of cholesterol and other fats in the blood
hyperlipidemia
80
high blood pressure
hypertension
81
deficiency of blood passing through a body part
hypoperfusion
82
low blood pressure
hypotension
83
double-action pacemaker which regulates the heartbeat and acts as an automatic defibrillator
implantable cardioverter defibrillator
84
area of dead tissue caused by lack of blood
infarct
85
sudden insufficiency of blood
infarction
86
cramping of the lower leg muscles usually caused by lack of blood flow
intermittent claudication
87
most common anemia, caused by insufficiency of iron in the diet
iron-deficiency anemia
88
condition in which therir is an insufficient oxygen supply due to restricted blood flow to a part of the body
ischemia
89
a group of cardiac disabilities resulting from an insufficient supply of oxygenated blood to the heart
ischemic heart disease
90
causes accumulation of fluid in the lungs because the left side is not pumping blood efficiently
left-sided heart failure (pulmonary edema)
91
malignant blood condition of white cells
leukemia
92
white blood cells
leukocytes
93
deficiency of white blood cells
leukopenia
94
excision of a lymph node
lymphadenectomy
95
disease of a lymph node
lymphadenopathy
96
incision into a lymph node
lymphadenotomy
97
edema due to a blocked lymph node or vessel
lymphedema
98
MRI of the heart and blood vessels with an injection of a dye
magnetic resonance angiography
99
characterized by very high blood pressure; can be fatal; usually accompanied by damage to organs
malignant hypertension
100
a blood disorder characterized by anemia in which the red blood cells are larger than normal
megaloblastic anemia
101
alternative procedure for bypass patients performed with the aid of a fiber optic camera
minimally invasive coronary artery bypass (keyhole bypass)
102
backward movement of the mitral valve cusps allowing for regurgitation
mitral valve prolapse
103
abnormal heart sound
murmur
104
group of bone marrow disorders that are characterized by the insufficient production of one or more types of blood cells due to dysfunction of the bone marrow
myelodysplastic syndrome
105
heart attack
myocardial infarction
106
inflammation of the myocardium
myocarditis
107
vasodilator prescribed to relieve the pain of angina
nitroglycerin
108
total blockage
occlusion
109
decrease in blood pressure related to positional or postural changes from lying to sitting or standing positions
orthostatic hypotension
110
pounding or racing heart with or without irregularity in rhythm
palpitation
111
periods of very rapid, regular heart beats originating in the atrioventricular node.
paroxysmal atrial tachycardia
112
procedure in which a small balloon on the end of a catheter is used to open a partially blocked coronary artery by flattening the plaque
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
113
passing of blood through an organ or body part
perfusion
114
inflammation of the pericardium the causes an accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac
pericarditis
115
double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart
pericardium
116
impaired circulation to the extremities and vital organs causes changes in skin color and temperature
peripheral arterial occlusive disease
117
disorders of blood vessels outside the heart and brain
peripheral vascular diseases
118
caused by dietary deficiency of vitamin B12 or the loss of the intrinsic factor from the lining of the stomach
pernicious anemia
119
inflammation of a vein
phlebitis
120
radiographic test that provides an image of the leg veins after a contrast dye is injected
phlebography (venography)
121
removal of whole blood from the body and separation into the cellular elements
plasmapheresis
122
form on angiitis involving several arteries at the same time
polyarteritis
123
abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood
polycythemia
124
consistently elevated blood pressure of unknown cause
primary hypertension
125
episodes of abrupt, progressive tricolor change of the fingers in response to cold
Raynaud's phenomenon
126
condition in which an artery that has been open by angioplasty closes again
restenosis
127
causes accumulation of fluid beginning the feet and legs because the right side is not pumping efficiently
right-sided heart failure
128
high blood pressure caused by another medical problem, such as a kidney disorder
secondary hypertension
129
growth of bacteria in the blood
septicemia
130
abnormal shape of erythrocytes
sickle cell anemia
131
lower cholesterol levels in the blood
statins
132
wire-mesh tube that is placed in after an artery is opened, provides support to the artery walls
stent
133
performed to assess cardiovascular health during and after stress
stress test
134
abnormally fast heart rate
tachycardia
135
inherited blood disorder that cause mild to severe anemia and fewer red blood cells that normal
thalassemia
136
performed to evaluate how well blood flows through the coronary arteries of the heart muscle during exercise
thallium stress test
137
deficiency of clotting cells
thrombocytopenia
138
abnormal increase in the number of platelets in the blood
thrombocytosis
139
drug that breaks up a thrombus or clot
thrombolytic
140
inflammation of a vein formation of a clot
thrombophlebitis
141
condition of having a non-moving blood clot
thrombosis
142
blocking of an artery by a thrombus
thrombotic occlusion
143
blood clot attached to the interior wall of an artery or vein (doesn't move)
thrombus
144
thrombolytic administered to some patients having a stroke or heart attack, can dissolve damaging blood clots
tissue plasminogen activator
145
complication of a blood transfusion in which a severe immune response occurs because the patient's blood and the donated blood do not match
transfusion reaction
146
surgical repair of a valve
valvoplasty
147
abnormal protrusion of a valve that results in the inability of the valve to close completely
valvular prolapse
148
condition in which there is a narrowing, stiffening, thickening, or blockage of a valve of the heart
valvular stenosis
149
inflammation of a heart valve
valvulitis
150
abnormally swollen veins usually occurring in the superficial veins of the legs
varicose veins
151
physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of blood vessels
vascular surgeon
152
causes blood vessels to narrow
vasoconstrictor
153
causes blood vessels to widen
vasodilator
154
disorganized, ineffective twitching of the ventricles
ventricular fibrillation
155
condition in which the heartbeat is rapid, ventricular tachycardia may not allow the heart's chambers to fill with enough blood between beats to produce blood flow sufficient to meet the body's needs
ventricular tachycardia
156
anticoagulant administered to prevent clots from forming or growing larger
warfarin
