Muscular Terms

Question 1

movement away from the midline

Answer 1

abduction

Question 2

movement toward the midline

Answer 2

adduction

Question 3

abnormal growing together of two surfaces

Answer 3

adhesion

Question 4

irregularity or failure of muscle coordination upon movement

Answer 4

ataxia

Question 5

lacking normal muscle tone or strength

Answer 5

atonic

Question 6

the wasting away of a body organ or tissue

Answer 6

atrophy

Question 7

extreme slowness in movement

Answer 7

bradykinesia

Question 8

circular movement of a limb at the far end

Answer 8

circumduction

Question 9

abnormal shortening of a muscle

Answer 9

contracture

Question 10

bending the foot upward

Answer 10

dorsiflexion

Question 11

difficult movement

Answer 11

dyskinesia

Question 12

difficulty in controlling voluntary movement

Answer 12

dystaxia

Question 13

abnormal muscle tone

Answer 13

dystonia

Question 14

used to record the response of a muscle to electrical stimulations

Answer 14

electromyography

Question 15

diagnostic procedure for testing and recording neuromuscular activity by the electric stimulation of the nerve trunk that carries fibers to and from the muscle

Answer 15

electroneuromyography

Question 16

inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow

Answer 16

epicondylitis

Question 17

design of the work environment to address the physical demands experienced by employees

Answer 17

ergonomics

Question 18

inflammation of the fascia

Answer 18

fasciitis

Question 19

partial paralysis of one half of the body

Answer 19

hemiparesis

Question 20

paralysis of one side of the body

Answer 20

hemiplegia

Question 21

abnormally increased muscle function or activity

Answer 21

hyperkinesia

Question 22

excessive tone of the skeletal muscles

Answer 22

hypertonia

Question 23

abnormally decreased muscle function or activity

Answer 23

hypokinesia

Question 24

diminished tone of the skeletal muscles

Answer 24

hypotonia

Question 25

hernia of a muscle

Answer 25

myocele

Question 26

sudden, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles

Answer 26

myoclonus

Question 27

degeneration of muscle tissue

Answer 27

myolysis

Question 28

partial paralysis of muscle

Answer 28

myoparesis

Question 29

suture of a muscle

Answer 29

myorrhaphy

Question 30

delayed relaxation of a muscle after a strong contraction

Answer 30

myotonia

Question 31

slanted, at an angle

Answer 31

oblique

Question 32

loss of motor function

Answer 32

paralysis

Question 33

paralysis from the waist down

Answer 33

paraplegia

Question 34

inflammation of many muscles

Answer 34

polymyositis

Question 35

movement of the forearm so that the palm is turned downward

Answer 35

pronation

Question 36

paralysis of all four limbs

Answer 36

quadriplegia

Question 37

hiccups

Answer 37

singultus

Question 38

circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening

Answer 38

sphincter

Question 39

tear, partial tear, or stretching of a ligament

Answer 39

sprain

Question 40

surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone

Answer 40

tenodesis

Question 41

pain in a tendon

Answer 41

tenodynia

Question 42

the release of a tendon from adhesions

Answer 42

tenolysis

Question 43

suture of a tendon

Answer 43

tenorrhaphy

Question 44

sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscles

Answer 44

fascia

Question 45

pertaining to muscle tissue and fascia

Answer 45

myofascial

Question 46

narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone

Answer 46

tendon

Question 47

sheetlike fibrous connective tissue, like a flattened tendon

Answer 47

aponeurosis

Question 48

muscles that are attached to bones and make motion possible

Answer 48

skeletal muscle

Question 49

characteristics of skeletal muscle

Answer 49

striated, voluntary

Question 50

striped

Answer 50

striated

Question 51

muscles located in the walls of internal organs

Answer 51

smooth muscle

Question 52

characteristics of smooth muscle

Answer 52

unstriated, involuntary

Question 53

muscle that forms the walls of the heart

Answer 53

cardiac muscle

Question 54

characteristics of cardiac muscle

Answer 54

striated, involuntary

Question 55

stimulation of a muscle by an impulse

Answer 55

muscle innervation

Question 56

pertaining to a muscle and a nerve

Answer 56

neuromuscular

Question 57

tightening of a muscle

Answer 57

contraction

Question 58

relaxing of a muscle

Answer 58

relaxation

Question 59

muscle that performs the main motion

Answer 59

agonist

Question 60

muscle that works against the main motion

Answer 60

antagonist

Question 61

decreasing the angle between two bones

Answer 61

flexion

Question 62

increasing the angle between two bones

Answer 62

extension

Question 63

extreme extension of a body part beyond its normal limit

Answer 63

hyperextension

Question 64

raising or lifting a body part

Answer 64

elevation

Question 65

lowering a body part

Answer 65

depression

Question 66

turns a bone on its own axis

Answer 66

rotation

Question 67

bends the foot downwards at the ankle

Answer 67

plantar flexion

Question 68

turning the palm of the hand upward

Answer 68

supination

Question 69

less movable attachment of the muscle

Answer 69

origin

Question 70

more moveable attachment of the muscle

Answer 70

insertion

Question 71

in straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body

Answer 71

rectus

Question 72

in a crosswise direction

Answer 72

transverse

Question 73

muscle of the anterior upper arm

Answer 73

biceps brachii

Question 74

muscle of the posterior upper arm

Answer 74

triceps brachii

Question 75

largest muscle of the buttocks

Answer 75

gluteus maximus

Question 76

shoulder muscle shaped like a triangle

Answer 76

deltoid

Question 77

muscle group located at the back of the upper leg

Answer 77

hamstring group

Question 78

injury to a muscle

Answer 78

strain

Question 79

painful inflammation of the Achilles tendon

Answer 79

Achilles tendinitis

Question 80

paralysis of heart muscle

Answer 80

cardioplegia

Question 81

incision into a fascia

Answer 81

fasciotomy

Question 82

surgical repair of fascia

Answer 82

fascioplasty

Question 83

surgical removal of a tendon

Answer 83

tenectomy

Question 84

surgical repair of a tendon

Answer 84

tenoplasty

Question 85

surgical division of a tendon for relief of a deformity

Answer 85

tenotomy

Question 86

surgical excision of a portion of a muscle

Answer 86

myectomy

Question 87

surgical repair of a muscle

Answer 87

myoplasty

Question 88

surgical incision a muscle

Answer 88

myotomy

Question 89

bundle of cells that make up a muscle

Answer 89

fascicle

Question 90

connective tissue sheath surrounding a fascicle

Answer 90

perimysium

Question 91

sheath of tissue around muscle

Answer 91

epimysium

Question 92

long muscle cell with many nuclei

Answer 92

myofiber (muscle fiber)

Question 93

plasma membrane surrounding myofiber

Answer 93

sarcolemma

Question 94

cytoplasm of myofiber

Answer 94

sarcoplasm

Question 95

division of the myofiber which contains contractile units

Answer 95

myofibril

Question 96

basic unit of contraction, extend from one Z-band to the next

Answer 96

sarcomere

Question 97

thick contractile filament

Answer 97

myosin

Question 98

thin contractile filament

Answer 98

actin