Skeletal Terms Flashcards by Ayden Olsen

any place where two bones meet

articulation

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What are the four types of bones?

long, short, flat, and irregular

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examples of long bones

fibula, tibia, femur, humerus, ulna, radius, metatarsals, metacarpals, phalanges, ribs

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examples of short bones

cuboid, carpals, tarsals

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examples of flat bones

scapula, frontal, parietal

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examples of irregular bones

ethmoid, sphenoid, occipital

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process of producing blood cells in the red bone marrow

hematopoiesis

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What are the four functions of the skeletal system?

hematopoiesis, structure, movement, and mineral storage

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bone that forms the forehead

frontal

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bones that form most of the roof and upper sides of the cranium

parietal

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bone that forms the posterior floor and walls of the cranium

occipital

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bones that form the lower sides and floor of the cranium

temporal

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bone that forms part of the base of the skull and sides of the orbit

sphenoid

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bony socket that surrounds and protects the eyeball

orbit

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bone that forms part of the posterior portion of the nose, orbit, and floor of the cranium

ethmoid

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three tiny bones in each ear

auditory ossicles

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ossicle also known as the hammer

malleus

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ossicle also known as the anvil

incus

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ossicle also know as the stirrup

stapes

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cheekbones

zygomatic

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bones that form the upper bridge of the nose

nasal bones

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forms the upper jaw

maxilla

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form part of the hard palate and floor of the nose

palatine bones

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suture between the frontal bone and the parietal bones

coronal suture

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suture between the parietal bones and the temporal bones

squamosal suture

suture between the parietal bones and the occipital bone

lambdoidal suture

form part of the orbit at the inner angle of the eye

lacrimal bones

thin bones that form the interior of the nose

inferior nasal conchae

forms the base of the nasal septum

vomer

jawbone

mandible

joint at which the mandible is attached to the skull

temporomandibular joint

How many pairs of ribs are true ribs?

How many pairs of ribs are false ribs?

How many pairs of ribs are floating ribs?

ribs that are attached anteriorly to the sternum

true ribs

ribs that are attached anteriorly to cartilage connected with the sternum

false ribs

ribs that are only attached posteriorly

floating ribs

breastbone

sternum

upper part of the sternum

manubrium

middle part of the sternum

body of the sternum

cartilage structure that forms the lower portion of the sternum

xiphoid process

collar bone

clavicle

shoulder blade

scapula

extension of the scapula that forms the high point of the shoulder

acromion process

upper arm bone

humerus

smaller and shorter bone of the forearm

radius

longer and thinner bone of the forearm

ulna

process on the upper ulna that forms the point of the elbow and exposes a nerve that tingles when struck

olecranon process

small bones of the wrist

carpals

Name the 8 carpals.

scaphoid, pisiform, lunate, hamate, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

How many carpals are there on each hand?

form the palm of the hand

metacarpals

bones that form the fingers

phalanges

How many phalanges are on each hand?

How many phalanges are on each thumb?

How many phalanges are on each finger (except the thumb)?

How many vertebrae on on the spinal column (not including sacrum and coccyx) ?

bony structure units of the spinal column

vertebrae

solid anterior portion of a vertebra

body of the vertebra

posterior portion of the vertebra

lamina

opening in the middle of the vertebra that allows the spinal cord to pass through

vertebral foramen

vertebrae in the neck

cervical vertebrae

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

vertebrae that have ribs attached

thoracic vertebrae

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

vertebrae that form the inward curve of the lower spine

lumbar vertebrae

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

triangular bone near the base of the spine composed of fused vertebrae

sacrum

How many vertebrae are fused together in the sacrum?

3 to 5

tailbone

coccyx

How many vertebrae are fused together in the coccyx?

cartilage disks that separate and cushion the vertebrae

intervertebral disks

broad blade-shaped portion of the pelvis

ilium

part of the pelvis that bears weight while sitting

ischium

part of the pelvis located just posterior to the urinary bladder

pubis

hip socket

acetabulum

thigh bone, largest bone in the body

femur

kneecap

patella

pertaining to the posterior space behind the knee

popliteal

ligaments that make movement of the knee possible

cruciate ligaments

larger bone of the lower leg

tibia

smaller bone of the lower leg

fibula

rounded process on each side of the ankle

malleolus

anklebone that articulates with the tibia and fibula

talus

heel bone

calcaneus

bones that form the middle part of the foot

metatarsals

bones of the toes

phalanges

first cervical vertebra

atlas

second cervical vertebra

axis

pulling on a limb to return the bone to its original position

traction

attach bone to bone

ligament

enlarged terminal ends of a long bone

epiphysis

part of a long bone between the epiphysis and diaphysis, contains cartilage allowing the bone to grow; disappears at adulthood

metaphysis

elongated hollow central part of the long bone

diaphysis

thin membrane that covers the outer surface of bones

periosteum

thin cartilage that covers the epiphyses of articulating bones

articular cartilage

vascular membrane that lines the inner surface of bones

endosteum

hollow space in the bone filled with marrow

medullary cavity

bone cell

osteocyte

central canal in the osteon which contains a blood vessel

osteonic canal

What are the functional units of bones?

osteons

cylindrical structures consisting of concentric layers; only found in compact bone

osteons

bone-forming cell

osteoblast

bone-destroying cell

osteoclast

small space in bone tissue containing an osteocyte

lacuna

small canals radiating in all directions from lacunae, allowing osteocytes to communicate with each other

cannaliculi

horizontal canals between osteons which contain a nerve and a blood vessel

Volkmann's canals

knob-like epiphysis of the femur

greater trochanter

concentric rings in osteons

lamellae

light, porous bone found near joints

spongy bone

disconnected pieces of the skull found in infants

fontanels

marrow that contains fat

yellow marrow

marrow that produces blood cells

red marrow

hard bone beneath periosteum found near the middle of bones

compact bone

big toe

hallux

thumb

pollux