Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANAPHY LECTURE > CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM - HEART > Flashcards

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM - HEART Flashcards

1
Q

The right side of the heart pumps and carries blood to the lungs, where carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the lungs and oxygen diffuses from the lungs into the blood and returns the blood to the left side of the heart.

A

pulmonary circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The left side of the heart then pumps blood and delivers oxygen and nutrients to all the remaining tissues of the body. From those tissues, carbon dioxide and other waste products are carried back to the right side of the heart (

A

systemic circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

FUNTIONS OF THE HEART

A
  1. Generating blood pressure
  2. Routing blood
  3. Ensuring one-way blood flow
  4. Regulating blood supply
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

average mass of heart in males

A

300 g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

average mass of heart in females

A

250 g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The heart generally decreases in size after
approximately age

A

65

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

(T/F) It is larger in physically active adults than in
other healthy adults, especially in people who are not physically
active.

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

blunt, rounded point of the heart

A

apex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

larger, flat part at the opposite end of the heart

A

base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The heart is located in the

A

mediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

a midline partition of the thoracic cavity that also contains
the trachea, the esophagus, the thymus, and associated structures

A

mediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The base of
the heart is located deep to the sternum and extends to the

A

second
intercostal space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The apex is located deep to the

A

fifth intercostal space, approximately 7–9 centimeters (cm) to the left of the sternum and medial to the midclavicular line, a perpendicular line that extends down from the middle of the clavicle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

emergency procedure that maintains blood flow in
the body if a person’s heart stops.

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The person firmly presses down on the sternum at a rate
of at least

A

100 compressions per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

an inflammation of the serous
pericardium.

A

Pericarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

potentially fatal condition in which a large volume of fluid or blood accumulates in the pericardial cavity and compresses the heart from the outside.

A

Cardiac tamponade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

a double-layered, closed sac that surrounds the heart

A

pericardium or pericardial sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Two layers of pericardium

A

fibrous pericardium and inner
serous pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

a tough, fibrous
connective tissue layer that prevents overdistension of the heart
and anchors it within the mediastinum; continuous with the connective tissue coverings of the great vessels, and inferiorly it is attached to the surface of the diaphragm

A

fibrous pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

a layer of
simple squamous epithelium

A

serous pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The serous pericardium is further divided into two parts:

A

parietal pericardium - lines the fibrous pericardium
visceral pericardium, or epicardium - covers the heart surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The space
between the visceral and parietal pericardia is the

A

pericardial cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

pericardial cavity is filled with a thin layer of serous

A

pericardial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

helps reduce friction as the heart moves within the
pericardial sac

A

pericardial fluid

26
Q

The heart wall is composed of three layers of tissue:

A

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

27
Q

the superficial layer of the heart wall; a thin serous membrane
that constitutes the smooth, outer surface of the heart

A

epicardium or visceral pericardium

28
Q

the thick, middle layer of the heart; It is composed of cardiac muscle cells
and is responsible for the heart’s ability to contract.

A

myocardium

29
Q

deep to the myocardium, it consists of
simple squamous epithelium over a layer of connective tissue; forms the smooth, inner surface of the heart chambers, which allows blood to move easily through the heart; covers the surfaces of the heart valves

A

endocardium

30
Q

the interior of both auricles and a part of the
right atrial wall contain muscular ridges called

A

pectinate muscles

31
Q

The pectinate muscles of the right atrium are separated from the larger, smooth portions of the atrial wall by a ridge
called the

A

crista terminalis

32
Q

The interior walls of the ventricles contain larger, muscular ridges
and columns called

A

trabeculae carneae

33
Q

The heart consists of four chambers:

A

R/L/two atria (thin walled)
R/L/two ventricles (Thick-walled)

34
Q

carry blood from the body to the right atrium

A

superior vena cava
inferior vena cava

35
Q

carries blood from the walls of the heart
to the right atrium

A

smaller coronary sinus

36
Q

carry blood from the
lungs to the left atrium

A

Four pulmonary veins

37
Q

Blood leaves the ventricles of the heart through two arteries: “the great arteries”

A

pulmonary trunk and aorta

38
Q

carries blood
from the left ventricle to the body.

A

aorta

39
Q

consists of blood vessels that carry
blood to and from the tissues of the heart wall.

A

coronary circulation

40
Q

runs obliquely around the heart,
separating the atria from the ventricles.

A

coronary sulcus

41
Q

on the anterior surface of the heart, extending from the coronary sulcus toward the apex of the heart

A

anterior interventricular
sulcus

42
Q

on the posterior surface of the heart, extending from the
coronary sulcus toward the apex of the heart

A

posterior interventricular sulcus

43
Q

(T/F) In a healthy, intact heart, the sulci are covered by adipose tissue, and
only after this tissue is removed can they be seen

A

T

44
Q

The left coronary artery has three major branches:

A

anterior interventricular artery
left marginal artery
circumflex artery

45
Q

two major branches of the right coronary artery

A

right marginal artery
posterior interventricular artery

46
Q

direct connections between arteries

A

anastamoses

47
Q

drains blood from the left side of the heart

A

great
cardiac vein

48
Q

drains the right margin of the heart

A

small
cardiac vein

49
Q

These veins converge toward the posterior part of the coronary
sulcus and empty into a large venous cavity called the

A

coronary sinus

50
Q

The right atrium has three major openings:

A

The openings from
the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava receive blood
from the body, and the opening of the coronary sinus r

51
Q

The left atrium has four
relatively uniform openings

A

from the four pulmonary veins that
receive blood from the lungs

52
Q

The right and left atria are separated from each other by the
wall of tissue called the

A

interatrial septum

53
Q

a slight, oval depression on the right side of the
interatrial septum marking the former location of the foramen
ovale (ō-va′lē), an opening between the right and left atria in the
embryo and the fetus

A

fossa ovalis

54
Q

The atria open into the ventricles through

A

atrioventricular canals

55
Q

. The two ventricles are separated from each other by the

A

interventricular septum

56
Q

(T/F) The wall of
the left ventricle is much thicker than the wall of the right ventricle

A

T - The thicker wall of the ventricle allows for stronger
contractions to pump blood through the systemic circulation.

57
Q

is in each atrioventricular canal and is
composed of cusps, or flaps. Atrioventricular valves ensure blood
flows from the atria into the ventricles, preventing blood from flowing back into the atria

A

atrioventricular valve

58
Q

The atrioventricular valve between the right
atrium and the right ventricle is called the

A

tricuspid valve

59
Q

he atrioventricular valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle is called the

A

bicuspid valve

60
Q

These muscles are attached
to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves by thin, strong connective
tissue strings called

A

chordae tendineae

61
Q

contract when the ventricles contract and prevent the valves from opening into the atria by pulling on the chordae tendineae attached to the valve cusps.

A

papillary muscles

ANAPHY LECTURE (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions