CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM - HEART

Question 1

The right side of the heart pumps and carries blood to the lungs, where carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the lungs and oxygen diffuses from the lungs into the blood and returns the blood to the left side of the heart.

Answer 1

pulmonary circulation

Question 2

The left side of the heart then pumps blood and delivers oxygen and nutrients to all the remaining tissues of the body. From those tissues, carbon dioxide and other waste products are carried back to the right side of the heart (

Answer 2

systemic circulation

Question 3

FUNTIONS OF THE HEART

Answer 3

1. Generating blood pressure
2. Routing blood
3. Ensuring one-way blood flow
4. Regulating blood supply

Question 4

average mass of heart in males

Answer 4

300 g

Question 5

average mass of heart in females

Answer 5

250 g

Question 6

The heart generally decreases in size after
approximately age

Answer 6

65

Question 7

(T/F) It is larger in physically active adults than in
other healthy adults, especially in people who are not physically
active.

Answer 7

T

Question 8

blunt, rounded point of the heart

Answer 8

apex

Question 9

larger, flat part at the opposite end of the heart

Answer 9

base

Question 10

The heart is located in the

Answer 10

mediastinum

Question 11

a midline partition of the thoracic cavity that also contains
the trachea, the esophagus, the thymus, and associated structures

Answer 11

mediastinum

Question 12

The base of
the heart is located deep to the sternum and extends to the

Answer 12

second
intercostal space

Question 13

The apex is located deep to the

Answer 13

fifth intercostal space, approximately 7–9 centimeters (cm) to the left of the sternum and medial to the midclavicular line, a perpendicular line that extends down from the middle of the clavicle.

Question 14

emergency procedure that maintains blood flow in
the body if a person’s heart stops.

Answer 14

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

Question 15

The person firmly presses down on the sternum at a rate
of at least

Answer 15

100 compressions per minute

Question 16

an inflammation of the serous
pericardium.

Answer 16

Pericarditis

Question 17

potentially fatal condition in which a large volume of fluid or blood accumulates in the pericardial cavity and compresses the heart from the outside.

Answer 17

Cardiac tamponade

Question 18

a double-layered, closed sac that surrounds the heart

Answer 18

pericardium or pericardial sac

Question 19

Two layers of pericardium

Answer 19

fibrous pericardium and inner
serous pericardium

Question 20

a tough, fibrous
connective tissue layer that prevents overdistension of the heart
and anchors it within the mediastinum; continuous with the connective tissue coverings of the great vessels, and inferiorly it is attached to the surface of the diaphragm

Answer 20

fibrous pericardium

Question 21

a layer of
simple squamous epithelium

Answer 21

serous pericardium

Question 22

The serous pericardium is further divided into two parts:

Answer 22

parietal pericardium - lines the fibrous pericardium
visceral pericardium, or epicardium - covers the heart surface

Question 23

The space
between the visceral and parietal pericardia is the

Answer 23

pericardial cavity

Question 24

pericardial cavity is filled with a thin layer of serous

Answer 24

pericardial fluid

Question 25

helps reduce friction as the heart moves within the pericardial sac

Answer 25

pericardial fluid

Question 26

The heart wall is composed of three layers of tissue:

Answer 26

epicardium myocardium endocardium

Question 27

the superficial layer of the heart wall; a thin serous membrane that constitutes the smooth, outer surface of the heart

Answer 27

epicardium or visceral pericardium

Question 28

the thick, middle layer of the heart; It is composed of cardiac muscle cells and is responsible for the heart’s ability to contract.

Answer 28

myocardium

Question 29

deep to the myocardium, it consists of simple squamous epithelium over a layer of connective tissue; forms the smooth, inner surface of the heart chambers, which allows blood to move easily through the heart; covers the surfaces of the heart valves

Answer 29

endocardium

Question 30

the interior of both auricles and a part of the right atrial wall contain muscular ridges called

Answer 30

pectinate muscles

Question 31

The pectinate muscles of the right atrium are separated from the larger, smooth portions of the atrial wall by a ridge called the

Answer 31

crista terminalis

Question 32

The interior walls of the ventricles contain larger, muscular ridges and columns called

Answer 32

trabeculae carneae

Question 33

The heart consists of four chambers:

Answer 33

R/L/two atria (thin walled) R/L/two ventricles (Thick-walled)

Question 34

carry blood from the body to the right atrium

Answer 34

superior vena cava inferior vena cava

Question 35

carries blood from the walls of the heart to the right atrium

Answer 35

smaller coronary sinus

Question 36

carry blood from the lungs to the left atrium

Answer 36

Four pulmonary veins

Question 37

Blood leaves the ventricles of the heart through two arteries: "the great arteries"

Answer 37

pulmonary trunk and aorta

Question 38

carries blood from the left ventricle to the body.

Answer 38

aorta

Question 39

consists of blood vessels that carry blood to and from the tissues of the heart wall.

Answer 39

coronary circulation

Question 40

runs obliquely around the heart, separating the atria from the ventricles.

Answer 40

coronary sulcus

Question 41

on the anterior surface of the heart, extending from the coronary sulcus toward the apex of the heart

Answer 41

anterior interventricular sulcus

Question 42

on the posterior surface of the heart, extending from the coronary sulcus toward the apex of the heart

Answer 42

posterior interventricular sulcus

Question 43

(T/F) In a healthy, intact heart, the sulci are covered by adipose tissue, and only after this tissue is removed can they be seen

Answer 43

T

Question 44

The left coronary artery has three major branches:

Answer 44

anterior interventricular artery left marginal artery circumflex artery

Question 45

two major branches of the right coronary artery

Answer 45

right marginal artery posterior interventricular artery

Question 46

direct connections between arteries

Answer 46

anastamoses

Question 47

drains blood from the left side of the heart

Answer 47

great cardiac vein

Question 48

drains the right margin of the heart

Answer 48

small cardiac vein

Question 49

These veins converge toward the posterior part of the coronary sulcus and empty into a large venous cavity called the

Answer 49

coronary sinus

Question 50

The right atrium has three major openings:

Answer 50

The openings from the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava receive blood from the body, and the opening of the coronary sinus r

Question 51

The left atrium has four relatively uniform openings

Answer 51

from the four pulmonary veins that receive blood from the lungs

Question 52

The right and left atria are separated from each other by the wall of tissue called the

Answer 52

interatrial septum

Question 53

a slight, oval depression on the right side of the interatrial septum marking the former location of the foramen ovale (ō-va′lē), an opening between the right and left atria in the embryo and the fetus

Answer 53

fossa ovalis

Question 54

The atria open into the ventricles through

Answer 54

atrioventricular canals

Question 55

. The two ventricles are separated from each other by the

Answer 55

interventricular septum

Question 56

(T/F) The wall of the left ventricle is much thicker than the wall of the right ventricle

Answer 56

T - The thicker wall of the ventricle allows for stronger contractions to pump blood through the systemic circulation.

Question 57

is in each atrioventricular canal and is composed of cusps, or flaps. Atrioventricular valves ensure blood flows from the atria into the ventricles, preventing blood from flowing back into the atria

Answer 57

atrioventricular valve

Question 58

The atrioventricular valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle is called the

Answer 58

tricuspid valve

Question 59

he atrioventricular valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle is called the

Answer 59

bicuspid valve

Question 60

These muscles are attached to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves by thin, strong connective tissue strings called

Answer 60

chordae tendineae

Question 61

contract when the ventricles contract and prevent the valves from opening into the atria by pulling on the chordae tendineae attached to the valve cusps.

Answer 61

papillary muscles