Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Histo 1 > Cardiovascular System - The Vessels > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System - The Vessels Flashcards

(63 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the general purpose of blood vessels?

A
  • movement of blood from heart to periphery and back
    • must resist pressure from heart
    • must prevent backflow when pressure drops
    • must provide transport to and from tissue as well as to and from lumen of vessel
    • must regulate and respond to changes in pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Oxygenation depends on…

A

lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Difference in pressure explains….

A

difference in structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are generally thicker, arteries or veins?

A

Arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define: Tunica Intima

A

Lining (endothelium) - barrier

inner most

continuous with epithelium of heart

think endocardium - lumen of vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define: Tunica Media

A

Muscle (smooth) - alter lumen size

middle layer

think myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define: Tunica Adventitia

A

CT (dense/elastic) - support

outermost layer

think epicardium - adipose near

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What layers make up the Tunica Intima?

A

Endothelium

Subendothelial CT

Internal Elastic Lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Vascular Regulation

A

Autoregulation

Vasodilators

Endothelial Secretions

Hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Myogenic Autoregulation

A

intrinsic contractile response of smooth muscle when stretched

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Metabolic Autoregulation

A

low blood flow restricts vasodilator movement away from the tissue → accumulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define: Endothelial Regulation

A

provides continuity to prevent sheer stress

responds to shear stress, stretch, circulating substances, inflammatory mediators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Endothelial Cell Control

A

Important functional part of blood vessels

not just static lining

produce active compounds that affect smooth muscle and immune cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Endothelial Regulators

A

Arachidonic Acid Derivatives

Nitric Oxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Endothelial Regulators: Arachidonic Acid Derivatives

A

Prostacyclin (vasodilator)

Thromboxane A2 (platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Endothelial Regulators: Nitric Oxide

A

vasodilator

Produced from arginine by nitric oxide synthase

activates guanyl cyclase; cGMP mediates relaxation of smooth muscle cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the associated functions of maintenance of selective permeability barrier?

A

simple diffusion

active transport

pinocytosis

receptor-mediated endocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the associated functions of modulation of blood flow and vascular resistance?

A

secretion of vasoconstrictors

secretion of vasodilators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the associated functions of regulation of cell growth?

A

secretion of growth-stimulating factors

secretion of growth-inhibiting factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the Associated functions of regulation of immune response?

A

leukocyte mgration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are active molecules involved in regulation of immune response?

A

interleukin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

___ travel together

A

Similar-sized vessels travel together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How do you tell the difference between arteries and veins?

A

veins are more irregularly shaped

arteries are more round or oval shaped

arteries have a more muscular wall and are generally thicker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

General Artery Description

A

thin tunica intima

thicker tunica media relative to similar vein

thinner tunica adventitia than similar vein

no valves

internal/external elastic lamina → more in arteries than veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Why do arteries tend to not have valves?
pressure keeps blood moving forward
26
General Vein Description
Thin Tunica Intima Thinner Tunica Media relative to similar artery Thicker Tunica Adventitia than similar artery valves no internal/external elastic lamina
27
Why do veins have valves?
They need to keep blood from back flowing due to changes in pressure
28
Define: Vasculogenesis
Create → initial building/formation of new blood vessels during development from angioblasts in the embryo
29
Define: Angiogenesis
repair or replacement of blood vessels in response to injury/cancer occurs in preexisting vessel
30
As vessels branch….
they get smaller still have the same layers (until capillaries)
31
\_\_\_ is the largest artery \_\_\_ is the largest vein
Aorta Vena Cava
32
Why are the aorta and vena cava also known as the elastic artery (vein)?
due to substantial elastic fibers in t. media
33
What is the difference between the Aorta and Vena Cava and other large arteries/veins?
Other large arteries/veins will appear similar, but have thinner walls and smaller lumens Other large arteries/veins are continuous with the medium (muscular arteries and medium veins)
34
Define: Aorta
Thin Tunica Intima Thicker Tunica Media relative to the Vena Cava Thinner Tunica Adventitia than Vena Cava No Valves Elastic Lamina throughout Tunica Media
35
Define: Vena Cava
Thin Tunica Intima Thinner Tunica Media relative to aorta → smooth muscle is circular Thicker Tunica Adventitia than aorta → smooth muscle is longitudinal Valves Internal Elastic Lamina → not in other veins Elastic Fibers throughout media/adventitia
36
Muscular Artery (Medium Artery)
Elastic Fibers but not continuous Tunica Media is same or thicker than adventitia thin Tunica Intima Elastic Lamella/fibers
37
Medium Vein
Tunica Adventitia thicker than media no internal/external elastic lamina bundle of smooth muscles
38
Small Artery/Vein vs. Arteriole/Venule
Similar Structure → no elastic lamina travel together arteriole/venule often seen near capillaries
39
Tunica Media Layers in Small Artery/Vein vs. Arteriole/Venule
Small Artery: 2-4 Small Vein: 1-2 Arteriole: 1-2 Venule: 0
40
Define: Capillaries
No Layers Endothelium with basement membrane occasional pericyte
41
Define: Pericyte
Supporting cell of capillaries contractile potential source of repair by acting like STEM Cell
42
Why does a venule stain lighter than an arteriole?
because the venule has no/less smooth muscle
43
Define: Continuous Capillary
continuous basal lamina endothelial cells have a complete cytoplasm closely resembles venule → smaller lumen 1 RBC or less
44
Define: Fenestrated Capillary
in areas where you want more diffusion across the wall basal lamina is continuous moe/absorb nutrients → nutrients, glucose small intestines
45
Define: Discontinuous Capillary
Removes Cells easier for things to move across the border fewer tight junctions basal lamina is incomplete sinusoid liver, spleen
46
Capillary Structure
* crossing the endothelium * permeable → small hydrophobic → O2, CO2, simple diffusion * Everything else * Transported across cell → pinocytosis or fenestrations * transported across junctions → zonula occludens or discontinuous * basal lamina is different
47
Define: Lymph Vessels
Carry Lymph to lymph nodes from peripheral tissues very thin wall → endothelium basement membrane no RBCs in lumen anchor to CT → not much wall structure
48
Valves of Lymph Vessels (and veins)
Core: CT covered in endothelium protrudes from wall → anchored to tunica media unidirectional blood flow
49
Identify the Structure: Thick wall for size of lumen, large wall to lumen ratio, has internal elastic membrane visible
muscular artery
50
Identify the Structure: Thick wall for size of lumen, large wall to lumen ratio, no internal elastic membrane visible, elastic present within the media
elastic artery
51
Identify the Structure: Thick wall for size of lumen, large wall to lumen ratio, no internal elastic membrane visible, no elastic present within the media
small artery
52
Identify the Structure: Thin wall for size of lumen, Small wall to lumen ratio, Large vessel size
vein
53
Identify the Structure: Thin wall for size of lumen, Small wall to lumen ratio, small vessel size
venule
54
Define: Large Artery
* diameter → \>10 mm * Tunica Intima * endothelium * connective tissue * smooth muscle * Tunica Media * smooth muscle * elastic lamellae * Tunica Adventitia * thinner than tunica media * connective tissue * elastic fibers
55
Define: Medium Artery (Muscular Artery)
* diameter → 2-10 mm * Tunica Intima * endothelium * connective tissue * smooth muscle * prominent internal elastic membrane * Tunica Media * smooth muscle * collagen fibers * relatively little elastic tissue * Tunica Adventitia * thinner than tunica media * connective tissue * some elastic fibers
56
Define: Small Artery
* Diameter → 0.1 - 2 mm * Tunica Intima * endothelium * connective tissue * smooth muscle * internal elastic membrane * Tunica Media * smooth muscle (8-10 cell layers) * collagen fibers * Tunica Adventitia * thinner than tunica media * connective tissue * elastic fibers
57
Define: Arteriole
* diameter → 10-100 um * Tunica Intima * endothelium * connective tissue * smooth muscle * Tunica Media * smooth muscle (one or two cell layers) * Tunica Adventitia * thin, ill-defines sheath of connective tissue
58
Define: Capillary
* diameter: 4-10 um * Tunica Intima * endothelium * Tunica Media * none * Tunica Adventitia * none
59
Define: Postcapillary venule
* diameter: 10-50 um * Tunica Intima * endothelium * pericytes * Tunica Media * none * Tunica Adventitia * none
60
Define: Muscular Venule
* diameter → 50-100 um * Tunica Intima * endothelium * Tunica Media * smooth muscle (one or two cell layers) * Tunica Adventitia * thicker than tunica media * connective tissue * some elastic fibers
61
Define: Small Vein
* diameter → 0.1 - 1 mm * Tunica Intima * endothelium * connective tissue * smooth muscle (two or three layers) * Tunica Media * smooth muscle (two or three continuous with tunica intima) * Tunica Adventitia * thicker than tunica media * connective tissue * some elastic fibers
62
Define: Medium Vein
* diameter → 1-10 mm * Tunica Intima * endothelium * connective tissue * smooth muscle * Internal elastic membrane in some cases * Tunica Media * smooth muscle * collagen fibers * Tunica Adventitia * thicker than tunica media * connective tissue * some elastic fibers
63
Define: Large Vein
* diameter → \>10 mm * Tunica Intima * endothelium * connective tissue * smooth muscle * Tunica Media * smooth muscle (2-15 layers) * collagen fibers * Tunica Adventitia * much thicker than tunica media * connective tissue * some elastic fibers, longitudinal smooth muscles * cardiac muscle extensions (myocardial sleeves) into great veins near the heart

Histo 1 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions