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Medical Terminology > Cardiovascular System Vocab > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Vocab Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Aorta

A

largest artery in the body

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2
Q

Apex of the heart

A

lower tip of the heart

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3
Q

What is a small artery called?

A

Arteriole.

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4
Q

What is the function of an artery?

A

Carries blood away from the heart to all parts of the body.

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5
Q

What is the atrioventricular bundle also known as?

A

Bundle of His.

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6
Q

What does the atrioventricular node (AV node) do?

A

Transmits electrical impulses between the atria and ventricles.

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7
Q

What are the upper chambers of the heart called?

A

Atria.

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8
Q

What is the smallest type of blood vessel?

A

Capillary.

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9
Q

What is carbon dioxide (CO2)?

A

Gas (waste) released by body cells, transported to the heart and lungs.

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10
Q

What are the carotid arteries?

A

Blood vessels that provide blood to the head, neck, and brain.

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11
Q

What are coronary arteries?

A

Blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle.

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12
Q

What is deoxygenated blood?

A

Blood that is oxygen-poor.

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13
Q

What is diastole?

A

Relaxation phase of the heartbeat.

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14
Q

What is an electrocardiogram?

A

Record of the electrical activity of the heart.

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15
Q

What is the endocardium?

A

Inner lining of the heart.

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16
Q

What is the endothelium?

A

Innermost lining of blood vessels.

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17
Q

What is the mitral valve also known as?

A

Bicuspid valve.

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18
Q

What is a murmur?

A

Abnormal swishing sound caused by improper closure of the heart valves.

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19
Q

What is the myocardium?

A

Muscular middle layer of the heart.

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20
Q

What is normal sinus rhythm?

A

Heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a rate of 60 to 100 beats per minute.

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21
Q

What is oxygen?

A

Gas that enters the blood through the lungs and is pumped to all body cells.

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22
Q
A
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23
Q

What is the sinoatrial node?

A

Specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat.

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24
Q

What is an artificial pacemaker?

A

An electronic apparatus implanted in the chest to stimulate heart muscle that is weak and not functioning.

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25
What is the pericardium?
Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart.
26
What is the pulmonary artery?
Artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs.
27
What is pulmonary circulation?
Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart.
28
What is the pulmonary valve?
Valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.
29
What are pulmonary veins?
One of two pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.
30
What is a pulse?
Beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries.
31
What is a septum?
Partition or wall dividing a cavity; such as between the right and left atria (interatrial septum) and right and left ventricles (interventricular septum).
32
What is the function of the sinoatrial node (SA node)?
Pacemaker of the heart.
33
What is a sphygmomanometer?
Instrument to measure blood pressure.
34
What is systemic circulation?
Flow of blood from body tissue to the heart and then from the heart back to body tissues.
35
What is systole?
Contraction phase of the heartbeat.
36
What is the tricuspid valve?
Located between the right atrium and the right ventricle; it has three (tri-) leaflets, or cusps.
37
What is a valve?
Structure in veins or in the heart that temporarily closes an opening so that blood flows in only one direction.
38
What is a vein?
Thin-walled vessel that carries blood from body tissues and lungs back to the heart. Veins contain valves to prevent backflow of blood.
39
What is the vena cava?
Largest vein in the body. The superior and inferior venae cavae return blood to the right atrium of the heart.
40
What is a ventricle?
One of two lower chambers of the heart.
41
What is a venule?
Small vein.
42
43
What are acute coronary syndromes (ACSs)?
Unstable angina and myocardial infarction (heart attack), which are consequences of chest pain resulting from myocardial ischemia.
44
What is angina (pectoris)?
Chest pain resulting from myocardial ischemia. Stable angina occurs predictably with exertion; unstable angina occurs more often and with less exertion.
45
What is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor?
Antihypertensive drug that blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, causing blood vessels to dilate.
46
What is auscultation?
Listening for sounds in blood vessels or other body structures, typically using a stethoscope.
47
What is a beta blocker?
Drug used to treat angina, hypertension, and arrhythmias. It blocks the action of epinephrine (adrenaline) at receptor sites, lowering the heartbeat and reducing the workload on the heart.
48
What is a biventricular pacemaker?
Device enabling ventricles to beat together synchronously so that more blood is pumped out of the heart.
49
What is a bruit?
Abnormal blowing or swishing sound heard during auscultation of an artery or organ.
50
What is a calcium channel blocker?
Drug used to treat angina and hypertension. It dilates blood vessels by blocking the influx of calcium into muscle cells lining vessels.
51
What is cardiac arrest?
Sudden, unexpected stoppage of heart action, often leading to sudden cardiac death.
52
What is cardiac tamponade?
Pressure on the heart caused by fluid in the pericardial space.
53
What is claudication?
Pain, tension, and weakness in a leg after walking has begun, but absence of pain at rest.
54
What is digoxin?
Drug that treats arrhythmias and strengthens the heartbeat.
55
What is an embolus?
Clot or other substance that travels to a distant location and suddenly blocks a blood vessel. ## Footnote Plural: emboli.
56
What is infarction?
Area of dead tissue.
57
What are nitrates?
Drugs used in the treatment of angina. They dilate blood vessels, increasing blood flow and oxygen to myocardial tissue.
58
What is nitroglycerin?
Nitrate drug used in the treatment of angina.
59
What is occlusion?
Closure of a blood vessel due to blockage.
60
What are palpitations?
Uncomfortable sensations in the chest related to cardiac arrhythmias, such as premature ventricular contractions (PVCs).
61
What does patent mean?
Open.
62
What is a pericardial friction rub?
Scraping or grating noise heard on auscultation of the heart; suggestive of pericarditis.
63
What are petechiae?
Small, pinpoint hemorrhages.
64
What are statins?
Drugs used to lower cholesterol in the bloodstream.
65
What is a thrill?
Vibration felt over an area of turbulent blood flow (as a blocked artery).
66
What are vegetations?
Clumps of platelets, clotting proteins, microorganisms, and red blood cells on diseased heart valves.

Medical Terminology (19 decks)

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