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Medical Terminology > Urinary Stystem Terms > Flashcards

Urinary Stystem Terms Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Nitrogenous Waste

A

Substances containing nitrogen that are excreted in urine
Urea, creatinine, uric acid

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2
Q

Homeostasis

A

The body’s ability to maintain an equilibrium within its internal environment

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3
Q

Renin

A

An enzyme secreted by the kidney that helps to raise blood pressure by influencing narrowing of blood vessels

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4
Q

Erythropoietin

A

Hormone secreted by kidney to stimulate production of red blood cells.

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5
Q

Calciferol

A

An active form of vitamin D, necessary for the absorption of calcium from the intestines

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6
Q

Kidney

A

One of two bean shaped organs, behind the abdominal cavity on either side of the spine
Filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to form urine

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7
Q

Ureter

A

One of two muscular tubes lined with mucous membrane. Carries urine in peristaltic waves from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

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8
Q

Urinary bladder

A

A hollow muscular sac, temporary reservoir for urine

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9
Q

Trigone

A

Triangular region at base of bladder where ureters enter and urethra exits

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10
Q

Kidney functions

A

Remove nitrogenous waste
Balance water and electrolytes
Release substances
Degrade and eliminate hormones

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11
Q

Urethra

A

Tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

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12
Q

Urination
Voiding
Micturition

A

Expelling urine through the urethra

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13
Q

Urianry meatus

A

The external opening of the urethra

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14
Q

Catheter

A

Tube inserted to drain urine from the bladder

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15
Q

Renal arteries

A

Blood enters each kidney from the aorta by way of these arteries

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16
Q

Filtration

A

Process by whereby some substances but not all pass through a filter

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17
Q

Renal Pelvis

A

A basin like area in the central part of the kidney

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18
Q

Arteriole

A

Small artery

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19
Q

Calyx, calix
Pleural calyces, calices

A

Cup like collection region of renal pelvis

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20
Q

Cortex

A

Outer region of an organ; the renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney (cortical means pertaining to the cortex)

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21
Q

Creatinine

A

A product of muscle metabolism. Nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

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22
Q

Creatinine clearance

A

Measure of the efficiency of the kidneys in removing creatinine from the blood

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23
Q

Electrolyte

A

Chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water. Necessary for functioning muscles and nerves

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24
Q

Glomerular Capsule

A

Enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus. Also known as the bowman capsule and collects material that is filtered from the blood through the walls of the glomerulus

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25
Glomerulus Plural: Glomeruli
Tiny balls of capillaries in the kidney
26
Hilum
Depression in the kidney where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave
27
Medulla
Inner region of an organ. Renal medulla is the inner region of the kidney. Medullary means pertaining to the medulla.
28
Nephron
Functional unit of the kidney. It is the combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney. Each nephron is capable of forming urine by itself. There an about 1 million nephrons in a kidney.
29
Potassium (K+)
Electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood. Potassium is essential for allowing muscle contraction and conduction of nervous impulses.
30
Reabsorption
Process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream
31
Renal tubule
Microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration
32
Renal vein
Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart
33
Sodium (Na+)
Electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys. Needed for proper transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity and other metabolic functions
34
Urea
Major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine
35
Uric acid
Nitrogenous waste excreted in urine
36
Colic
Intermittent spasms if pain caused by inflammation and distention of an organ
37
Stricture
Abnormal narrowing of an opening or passageway
38
Microalbuminuria
Leakage of very small amounts of albumin through the glomeruli
39
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney
40
Interstitial nephritis
Inflammation of connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules
41
Nephrolithiasis
Kidney stones
42
Lithrotripsy
Removal of kidney stones
43
Nephrotic syndrome (Nephrosis)
Group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine
44
Polycystic kidney disease
Multiple fluid fills sacs (cysts) within and on one kidney
45
Polynephritis
Inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma
46
Renal cell carcinoma
Cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood
47
Renal failure
Decrease in excretion of wastes results from impaired filtration function
48
Renal hypertension
High blood pressure resulting from kidney disease
49
Wilms tumor
Malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood
50
Bladder cancer
Malignant tumor of the urinary bladder
51
Diabetes insipidus (DI)
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is not secreted or there is a resistance of the kidney to ADH
52
Diabetes mellitus (DM)
Insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects
53
BUN (blood urea nitrogen)
Measurement of urea levels in blood
54
Creatinine clearance
Measurement of the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney
55
Cystatin C
Blood test for a protein produced by body cells
56
CT urology
Xray images obtained using CT to show multiple cross sectional and other views of kidney
57
KUB Kidneys, ureters, bladder
Xray with out contrast of the kidneys ureters and bladder
58
Rena angiography
Xray with contrast of the blood vessels of the kidney
59
Retrograde pyelogram (RP)
Xray image of the renal pelvis and ureters after injection of contrast through a urinary catheter into the ureters from the bladder
60
Voiding cystourethrogram
Xray image with contrast of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained while the patient is voiding
61
Radioisotope scan
Image of the kidney obtained after injecting a radioactive substance into the bloodstream
62
MRI urography
Changing magnetic field produces images of the kidney and surrounding structures in three planes of the body
63
Cystoscope
Direct visualization of the urethra and urinary bladder with an endoscope (cystoscope)
64
Dialysis
Process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the blood (Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis)
65
Lithotripsy
Urinary tract stones are crushed
66
Renal angioplasty
Dilation of narrowed areas (stenosis) in renal arteries
67
Renal biopsy
Removal of kidney tissue for microscopic examination
68
Renal transplantation
Surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor to recipient
69
Urinary catheterization
Passage of a flexible tubular instrument through the urethra into the urinary bladder
70
Extracorporeal
Pertaining to outside the body
71
Pyelothiotomy
Surgery to remove a stone through an incision in the renal pelvis
72
NEPHROPEXY
Procedure to suspend a drooping kidney in place

Medical Terminology (19 decks)

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