Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Medical Terminology > Lymphatic And Immune System Vocab > Flashcards

Lymphatic And Immune System Vocab Flashcards

(69 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is adaptive immunity?

A

A type of immunity that involves T cells and B cells responding to antigens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are adenoids?

A

Mass of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an antibody?

A

Protein produced by B cells to destroy antigens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an antigen?

A

Substance that the body recognizes as foreign; evokes an immune response.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are axillary nodes?

A

Lymph nodes in the armpit (underarm).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a B cell (B lymphocyte)?

A

Lymphocyte that matures into a plasma cell to secrete antibodies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is cell-mediated immunity?

A

A type of adaptive immunity where T cells respond to antigens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are cervical nodes?

A

Lymph nodes in the neck region.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the complement system?

A

Set of proteins in the blood that help antibodies kill their target.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are cytokines?

A

Proteins secreted by cytotoxic T cells to aid in antigen destruction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are interferons and interleukins?

A

Examples of proteins (cytokines) secreted to aid and regulate the immune response.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a cytotoxic T cell?

A

Lymphocyte that directly kills antigens; called CD8+ T cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a dendritic cell?

A

Antigen-presenting cell that shows T and B cells what to attack.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a helper T cell?

A

Lymphocyte that aids B cells and stimulates T cells; CD4+ T cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is humoral immunity?

A

B cells produce antibodies after exposure to specific antigens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is immunity?

A

Body’s ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the origin of the word immunity?

A

Comes from Latin immunis, meaning exempt or protected from.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are immunoglobulins?

A

Antibodies such as IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM, and Ig; secreted by plasma cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is immunotherapy?

A

Use of immune cells, antibodies, or vaccines to treat disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are inguinal nodes?

A

Lymph nodes in the groin region.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are interleukins?

A

Proteins (cytokines) that stimulate the growth of B and T lymphocytes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is interstitial fluid?

A

Fluid in the spaces between cells; becomes lymph when it enters lymph capillaries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is lymph?

A

Thin, watery fluid found within lymphatic vessels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are lymph capillaries?
Tiniest lymphatic vessels.
26
What is a lymph node?
Collection of stationary solid lymphatic tissue along lymph vessels; contains cells (lymphocytes and macrophages) that fight infection.
27
What are lymphoid organs?
Lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland. Tonsils and adenoids are other examples of lymphoid organs.
28
What is a lymph vessel?
Carrier of lymph throughout the body; lymphatic vessels empty lymph into veins in the upper part of the chest.
29
What is a macrophage?
Large phagocyte found in lymph nodes and other tissues of the body.
30
What do the terms 'phag/o' mean?
To eat or swallow.
31
What are mediastinal nodes?
Lymph nodes in the area between the lungs in the chest cavity.
32
What are mesenteric nodes?
Lymph nodes in the mesentery (intestinal region).
33
What is a monoclonal antibody?
Antibody produced in a laboratory to attack antigens and to destroy cells; useful in immunotherapy.
34
What is natural immunity?
Protection that an individual is born with to fight infection such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and NK cells. It is not antigen specific and does not elicit memory.
35
What are paraaortic nodes?
Lymph nodes near the aorta in the lumbar (waist) area of the body.
36
What is a plasma cell?
Lymphocyte that secretes antibodies. It matures from B lymphocytes.
37
What is the right lymphatic duct?
Lymphatic vessel in the chest that drains lymph from the upper right part of the body. It empties lymph into a large vein in the neck.
38
What is the spleen?
Organ in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen that destroys worn-out red blood cells, activates lymphocytes, and stores blood.
39
What is a suppressor T cell?
Lymphocyte that inhibits the activity of B and T cells. Also called a Treg (regulatory T cell).
40
What is a T cell (T lymphocyte)?
Lymphocyte that acts directly on antigens to destroy them or produce chemicals (cytokines) such as interferons and interleukins that are toxic to antigens.
41
What is the thoracic duct?
Large lymphatic vessel that drains lymph from the lower and left side of the body (head, neck, arm, and chest). It empties lymph into large veins in the neck.
42
What is the thymus gland?
Lymphoid organ in the mediastinum that conditions T cells to react to foreign cells and aids in the immune response.
43
What is tolerance in immunology?
Ability of T lymphocytes to recognize and accept the body's own antigens as 'self' or friendly. Once tolerance is established, the immune system will not react against the body's own cells.
44
What are tonsils?
Masses of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx.
45
What is a toxin?
Poison; a protein produced by certain bacteria, animals, or plants.
46
What is vaccination?
Exposure of an individual to a foreign protein (antigen) that provokes an immune response. The response will destroy any cell that possesses the antigen on its surface and will protect against infection.
47
What is a vaccine?
Weakened or dead antigen is given to induce production of antibodies. This results in adaptive immunity.
48
What is candidiasis?
A yeast-like fungus (Candida) that normally overgrows, causing infection of the mouth (thrush).
49
What is cryptococcal infection?
An infection caused by the fungus Cryptococcus, often associated with immunocompromised individuals.
50
What is cryptosporidiosis?
A parasitic infection of the gastrointestinal tract and brain and spinal cord caused by the one-celled organism Cryptosporidium. ## Footnote Found in farm animals.
51
What is cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection?
A viral infection that causes enteritis and retinitis, found in bodily fluids but usually affects those with compromised immune systems.
52
What is herpes simplex?
A viral infection that causes small blisters on the skin of the lips, nose, or genitals and can also cause encephalitis.
53
What is histoplasmosis?
A fungal infection caused by inhalation of dust contaminated with Histoplasma capsulatum, leading to fever, chills, and lung infection. ## Footnote Pathogen is found in bird and bat droppings.
54
What is Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) complex infection?
A bacterial disease manifesting with fever, malaise, night sweats, anorexia, diarrhea, weight loss, and lung and blood infections.
55
What is Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)?
A lung infection caused by a one-celled organism, characterized by fever, cough, and chest pain. ## Footnote Pathogen is found in air, water, and soil and is carried by animals.
56
What is toxoplasmosis?
A parasitic infection involving the central nervous system, causing fever, chills, visual disturbances, confusion, hemiparesis, and seizures. ## Footnote Pathogen (Toxoplasma) is acquired by eating uncooked lamb or pork, unpasteurized dairy products, or raw eggs or vegetables.
57
What is tuberculosis (TB)?
A bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, involving the lungs, brain, and other organs, with symptoms including fever, cough, weight loss, and blood in sputum.
58
What is an allergen?
Substance capable of causing a specific hypersensitivity reaction; a type of antigen.
59
What is anaphylaxis?
Exaggerated or unusual hypersensitivity to foreign protein or other substance.
60
What does atopy mean?
Hypersensitive or allergic state involving an inherited predisposition. From the Greek atopia, meaning strangeness.
61
What are CD4+ cells?
Helper T cells that carry the CD4 protein antigen on their surface. HIV binds to CD4 and infects and kills T cells bearing this protein.
62
What is Hodgkin lymphoma?
Malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue in spleen and lymph nodes; Reed-Sternberg cells are often found on microscopic analysis.
63
What is the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?
Virus (retrovirus) that causes AIDS. Retroviruses are a class of viruses that have RNA, instead of DNA, as their genetic material.
64
What is Kaposi sarcoma?
Malignant lesion associated with AIDS; arises from the lining of capillaries and appears as red, purple, brown, or black skin nodules. ## Footnote Kaposi sarcoma is caused by a herpesvirus called human herpesvirus 8.
65
What are non-Hodgkin lymphomas?
Group of malignant tumors involving lymphoid tissue. Examples are follicular lymphoma and large cell lymphoma.
66
What are opportunistic infections?
Infectious diseases associated with AIDS; they occur because HIV infection lowers the body's resistance and allows infection by bacteria and parasites that normally are easily contained.
67
What is a protease inhibitor?
Drug that treats AIDS by blocking the production of protease, a proteolytic enzyme that helps create new viral pieces for HIV. Other antiretroviral drugs are entry inhibitors and integrase inhibitors.
68
What is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor (RTI)?
Drug that treats AIDS by blocking reverse transcriptase, an enzyme needed to make copies of HIV.
69
What is wasting syndrome?
Weight loss and decrease in muscular strength, appetite, and mental activity; associated with AIDS.

Medical Terminology (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions