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NURSING INCO > CARDIOVASCULAR SYSYTEM > Flashcards

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSYTEM Flashcards

(125 cards)

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1
Q

Hollow, muscular organ located in the center of the thorax

A

HEART

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2
Q

The heart weighs approximately

A

300g

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3
Q

__________of fluid in the pericardial sac

A

10-20 ml

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3
Q

HEART FUNCTION:

A

Pump oxygenated blood to cells and tissues

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3
Q

Function of pericardial fluid:

A

prevent friction between visceral and parietal

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3
Q

EPICARDIUM

A

Outermost layer

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3
Q

inflammation of pericardium

A

PERICARDITIS:

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4
Q

Angina

A

= relieved by rest

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4
Q

Myocardial Infarction drug?

A

morphine sulfate

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5
Q

Contains 2 layers

A

Visceral
Parietal

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5
Q

The cardiac muscle or middle layer which is made up of muscle fibers

A

MYOCARDIUM

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5
Q

Inner layer which consists of endothelial tissue and lines the inside of the heart and valves

A

ENDOCARDIUM

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5
Q

RIGHT ATRIUM location:

A

4th intercostal space, right midclavicular line

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5
Q

Receives venous blood from the right atrium, and ejects this blood into the lungs via the pulmonary artery

A

RIGHT VENTRICLE

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5
Q

Receives venous blood returning to the heart via the superior and inferior vena cava

A

RIGHT ATRIUM

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6
Q

Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and then empties the blood into the left ventricle

A

LEFT ATRIUM

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6
Q

Receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium of and ejects blood into the systemic arterial circulation via the aorta

A

LEFT VENTRICLE

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7
Q

LEFT VENTRICLE location:

A

5th intercostal space, left midclavicular line

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7
Q

Responsible for apex beat or point of maximal pulse

A

LEFT VENTRICLE : 5 ICS, LMCL

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7
Q

During __________ of the muscle or ___________ , the chambers of the heart becomes __________ as the blood is ejected

A

contraction; systole - smaller

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7
Q

During _____________ of the muscles of the heart wall or ___________, the heart chambers _______ with blood in preparation for the subsequent ejection

A

relaxation; diastole - fill

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8
Q

amount of blood that is ejected from either ventricle per minute

A

5L

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8
Q

ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVE

A
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9
Q

These valves open during ventricular systole, and they close during ventricular diastole

A

SEMILUNAR VALVE

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9
Lies between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery
Pulmonary valve
9
Lies between the left ventricle and the aorta
Aortic valve
9
Vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle; They originate from the aorta
CORONARY ARTERY
9
LEFT CORONARY ARTERY; TWO BRANCHES
Circumflex coronary artery LADA (Left Anterior Descending Artery)
10
Supplies: left atrium, lateral surface of left ventricle
Circumflex coronary artery
10
Anterior wall of left ventricle, apex of heart
LADA (Left Anterior Descending Artery)
10
TWO CORONARY ARTERY
LEFT CORONARY ARTERY RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY
10
It is the beginning of the conduction system and normally function as the pacemaker of the heart
SINOATRIAL NODE
10
Supplies the right atrium, right ventricle, a portion of the septum, SA node, AV node and inferior portion of the left ventricle
RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY
11
SINOATRIAL NODE LOCATION?
Located at the junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium
11
Generates and transmits electrical impulses that stimulate contraction of the myocardium
CONDUCTION SYSTEM
11
A bundle of specialized muscle fibers – that travel in the septum separating the left and right ventricles
BUNDLE OF HIS
11
Right bundle branch
Right ventricles
12
Left bundle branch
left ventricles
12
BUNDLE OF HIS
Ventricular depolarization
13
Point at which the myocardial cells are stimulated, causing ventricular contraction
PURKINJE FIBERS
13
Composed of specialized cells to rapidly conduct the impulses through the thick walls of the ventricles
PURKINJE FIBERS
14
Atrial depolarization
P Interval/Wave
14
Complete ventricular depolarization
PURKINJE FIBERS
15
0.04 – 0.11 secs
P Interval/Wave
15
0.12 – 0.20 secs
PR Interval
16
Impulse transmission from SA – AV node
PR Interval
17
Ventricular depolarization
QRS
17
0.05 – 0.10 secs
QRS
18
Plateau phase
ST Segment
19
Gap between ventricular depolarization and ventricular repolarization
ST Segment
19
Complete ventricular repolarization
U Wave
19
MI and hyperkalemia = elevated
ST Segment
19
Ventricular repolarization
T Wave
19
Initial sign of hyperkalemia
o Weakness o Bounding pulse o Cardiac and respiratory arrest o Everything is high and fast
20
Hyperkalemia DOC
Calcium gluconate, insulin, glucos, calcium bicarbonate, kayexalate, dialysis
20
Hypokalemia DOC
Potassium chloride
20
Coordinates the incoming impulses from the SA node
ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE
21
SYSTOLE
Contraction and emptying of the atria and ventricles
21
Hypocalcemia
Muscle twitching, tremors, paresthesia, Chvostek’s sign, Trousseau’s sign
21
DIASTOLE
Relaxation and filling of the atria and the ventricles
22
The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta per minute
CARDIAC OUTPUT
22
Average Cardiac Output
5L/min
22
equation of CO
CO = SV x HR
22
Delay transmission of impulse going to ventricles____________________
to allow for complete atrial depolarization
22
Amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle into the aorta per beat
STROKE VOLUME
23
Delay transmission of impulse going to ventricles to allow for complete atrial depolarization
ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE
23
STROKE VOLUME Determined by three factors:
preload, contractility, and afterload
24
Degree of myocardial fiber stretch before contraction
PRELOAD
24
The greater myocardial fiber stretches, within physiologic limits, the more forceful the ventricular contraction, thereby increasing stroke volume
FRANK-STERLING LAW
24
STROKE VOLUME per ML
70mL
25
PRELOAD
It is related to the volume of blood distending the ventricles at the end of diastole
25
Do not give digoxin if pulse rate <60
to prevent rebound bradycardia
25
Digoxin
increase cardiac contractility and decrease HR
26
Ability of the heart muscle to contract and thereby pump blood
CONTRACTILITY
26
Before taking Digoxin
Check pulse (apical)
26
SIDE EFFECT DIGOXIN/DIGITALIS
Blurring of vision Anorexia Nausea and vomiting Dysrhythmia Green halos around eyes
26
Do not give digoxin if pulse rate >120
rebound tachycardia
26
when taking digoxin, what electrolyte to check?
Check potassium (hypokalemia)
26
Amount of pressure that the heart needs to exert to eject the blood during ventricular contraction
AFTERLOAD
27
How to assess a pt. with JVD?
supine position & (HOB) at 30-45° angle. If it remains engorged, then there is jugular vein distention
27
Due to fluid volume excess
NECK VEIN DISTENTION (JUGULAR VEIN DISTENTION)
27
Jugular Vein Distention (JVD) may indicate:
Right sided congestive heart failure
27
27
Produced by asynchronous closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves
S1 (LUB)
27
Produced by asynchronous closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves
S2 (DUB)
27
It signals the onset of ventricular systole
S1 (LUB)
27
It signals the onset of ventricular diastole
S2 (DUBB)
27
o A faint, low pitched sound produced by rapid ventricular filling in early diastole
S3
27
It is a low frequency sound which is present in congestive heart failure
S4
28
o It is normal in children and in young adults o It indicates congestive heart failure in older adults
S3 sound
28
Abnormal in all ages
S4 sound
28
Rule in JVD
Angle of Loui’s (add 5)
28
Normal CVP
5-12 cm of water
28
The first and second heart sounds are best heard with the _____________ of the stethoscope
diaphragm = high pitched
28
Extra heart sounds are best heard with the ____ of the stethoscope
bell = low pitched
29
Use the _____________ of the stethoscope when auscultating the ______-area
diaphragm= apical
30
During auscultation of extra heart sounds, place the client in _______________ position
upright leaning forward
31
CENTRAL VENOUS PRESSURE
Monitors the pressure within the right atrium
31
CVP: 3 sites of catheter insertion
Subclavian Internal jugular Femoral
32
CVP: Normal reading
Superior vena cava = 5-12 cm H2O Right atrium = 0-10 cm H2O
32
↑CVP = FVE
32
↓CVP = FVD
FVD
33
CVP: The O level of the water manometer should be placed at the____________
4th ICS, RMCL
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NURSING INCO (9 decks)

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