URINARY SYSTEM Flashcards
(141 cards)
1
Q
Magnesium
A
1.5-2.5 meq/l
2
Q
Phosporus
A
2.5-3.5 meq/l
3
Q
Potassium
A
3.5-4.5 meq/l
4
Q
Calcium
A
4.5- 5.5 meq/l
5
Q
Sodium
A
135-145 mg/dl
6
Q
Chloride
A
95-105
7
Q
UO per hour
A
40-60 ml
8
Q
UO per day
A
1500 ml
9
Q
Normal BUN
A
10-20 dl
10
Q
Serum Creatinine
A
0.4-1.2
11
Q
Serum Uric
A
2.2. - 5.5
12
Q
Serum Albumin
A
3.2 - 5.5
13
Q
Normal Urine Odor
A
Aromatic
14
Q
bean shaped
A
kidneys
15
Q
Wt. of kidney
A
120-130g
16
Q
Length of Kidney
A
5-6 inches
17
Q
Width of kidney
A
2-3 inches
18
Q
Thickness
A
2-3 cm
19
Q
a kidney that is slightly lower than the left.
A
Right kidney; due to presence of liver
20
Q
kidneys are located at
A
CV angle; retroperitoneally; 3rd and 12th lumbar
21
Q
top of kidney
A
Adrenal gland
22
Q
3 INTERNAL DISTINCT REGIONS
A
CORTEX, MEDULLA, RENAL PELVIS
23
Q
CORTEX
A
Outer part; Light in color and granular in appearance
24
Q
wide of renal cortex
A
1cm wide
25
waste filtration
glomerulus
26
surrounded by Bowman's capsule
Glomerulus
27
Renal Medulla
Inner; contains loop of henle, vasarecta, renal pyramid
28
wide of medulla
5cm
29
loop of Henle
where loop diuretics work; water reabsorption
30
Vasarecta
regulates renal blood flow
31
Renal pyramid
collection of urine; urine flows out
32
Renal pelvis
Transports urine that forms in urine calices
33
total C02 receive of kidney
20-25%
34
Basic structural unit of kidney
nephrons
35
Nephrons
Responsible for urine formation
36
2 kinds of nephrons
Cortical
Juxtamedullary
37
Cortical
production of urine
38
Juxtamedullary
secrete renin
39
GFR
125 mL/min
40
Oliguria
Decreased UO
41
Polyuria
Increased UO
42
Anuria
No UO
43
Dysuria
Painful urination
44
Pyuria
Pus on urine
45
Presence of blood on urine
Hematuria
46
Painful sexual intercourse
Dyspareunia
47
FUNCTION OF KIDNEYS
UERRCRSS
48
Renal Failure; ABG?
metabolic acidosis
49
DOC of metabolic acidosis
sodium bicarbonate
50
Pt. with Renal failure is prone to-
Renal osteodystrophy
51
DOC OF Hyperkalemia
CBIGKD
52
Glucose is always with?
Potassium
53
Kayexalate
It exchanges for sodium ions of body and eliminates excess potassium
54
Nitrogen waste
Urea
55
produce RBC
Erythropoietin
56
cannot be improved by dialysis
anemia
57
Activate by liver then followed by kidney
vitamin D
58
Maintain renal blood circulation even with regulation of sodium
prostaglandins
59
RAAS
Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System
60
This hormone inhibits ADH secretion
ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE
61
ANP released and inhibit ADH production -> ↓Water Reabsorption -> ↑UO -> dilute urine -> ↓SG
Renal Failure
62
Urine that forms in the nephrons flow into the renal pelvis and then into these
Ureters
63
ureters length
12-20 inches
64
terminate end of the ureter
Trigone wall
65
Posterior to the symphysis pubis
and a Muscular hollow sac located just behind the pubic bone
URINARY BLADDER
66
UB in Males: lies immediately in front of the_______
rectum
67
UB in Females: lies in front of the__________
vagina
68
Amount of urine holds
500-800 ml
69
Smooth triangular portion of the base of the bladder outlined by these openings
Trigone wall
70
Detrusol
allows the bladder to expand or contract
71
Thin-walled muscular tube that channels urine to the outside of the body
URETHRA
72
Female urethra
0.5 – 2.5 inches (3-5 cm)
73
Male urethra
5-6 inches (20cm)
74
Red, Dark, Smoky Color
bleeding
75
Cloudy
infection
76
Colorless
FVE
77
Very dark yellow
FVD
78
Red/ Red brown
due to: Thoracin and Rifampicin
79
Orange
Severe DHN
80
Blue/green
Elavil (anti-depressant)
81
Brown/Black
Lysol poisoning
82
Milky
Fats
83
pH
4.5-8
84
Specific Gravity
1.010 – 1.025
85
Protein
(AGN)
Acute Glomerulonephritis
86
What cause Glucose?
(DM)
87
Ketones
(DKA)
88
WBC, RBC, if present?
infection
89
↑BUN
= renal failure
90
RBC
4.5-5
91
HcT F
26 – 44
92
HcT M
40 – 50
93
Creatinine Clearance F
85-135
94
Creatinine Clearance M
97 – 127
95
ONCOTIC PRESSURE
Pulley force for water to contain in ECF ; protein leaves
96
CYSTOSCOPY
invasive or not?
INVASIVE
97
for clearer visualization and maintain sterility of area
Laxatives
98
Sedation
to relax = diazepam or valium
99
CYSTOSCOPY
done with anesthesia or not?
Anesthesia
100
In local anesthesia?
Force fluids
101
Force fluids in local anesthesia
prevent ascending Urinary Tract Infection
102
Force fluids; amount?
3000 mL
103
In general anesthesia
NPO 6-8 hours
104
NPO 6-8 hours
to prevent aspiration – temporarily relax peristaltic movement
105
desire to void is? normal or abnormal
NORMAL
106
Cystoscopy Position:
Lithotomy
107
Cystoscopy takes about:
15 mins – 1 hour
108
Bed rest and Don’t attempt to stand without assistance- after cystoscopy to-
Prevent orthostatic hypotension or supine hypertensive syndrome
109
Expected burning on urination for a__________
day or two
110
AFTER cystoscopy : Monitor vital signs
for suspected bleeding = hypo, tachy, tachy
111
AFTER cystoscopy: Observe for
-retention or low UO
-bright bleeding or hematuria
-abdominal or flank pain
-chills or fever
-signs of tissue irritation
-signs of infection
112
Pink-tinged urine is________
normal
113
Normal Pink-tinged urine is due to
irritation of mucous membrane of urinary tracts
114
BLOOD after cystoscopy?
report to physician (prevent hypovolemia)
115
Hot sitz bath to?
relieve pelvic or perineal discomfort
116
Warm moist soaks to?
prevent leg cramps
117
IV pyelogram- "GRAM"
make use of contrast medium (iodinated)
118
Most common used contrast medium
hypaque
119
Check iodine allergy to?
prevent hypersensitivity
120
readily available at bedside to prevent delayed hypersensitivity reaction
EPINEPHRINE
121
Hypersensitivity reaction
- Itching/rashes
- Bronchospasm
- Anaphylactic shock
121
Intravenous Pyelogram - Invasive or not?
Invasive
122
Evacuate feces for clearer visualization
Bowel preparation (laxative or enema)
123
CARE AFTER: IV Pyelogram
-Monitor VS
-NPO 6-8 hours
-Increase Fluid Intake
-Burning Sensation on voiding may be experienced
-Observe for delayed allergic reaction
124
Increase Fluid Intake
to flow out contrast medium =nephrotoxic
125
KUB
Painless and No usual special preparation done
126
RENAL BIOPSY
Suspected renal Ca
127
kidney is highly?
vascularized
128
Renal Biopsy: NPO Status
from midnight; 6-8 hours
129
RENAL BIOPSY: Check pro-time, hemoglobin, hematocrit
since kidney is highly vascularized
130
Renal Biopsy Position:
Prone
131
Apply pressure dressing:
prevent bleeding
131
Hold breath and remain still during needle insertion for?
(5-15 secs)
132
AFTER RENALBIOPSY: Bed rest for 24 hours?
prone to bleeding
133
RENAL BIOPSY: Monitor_______ and notify in case of _____________, ________________or other signs ________________
Monitor vital signs and notify in case of tachycardia, hypotension or other signs (oliguria, ↓LOC)
134
Monitor biopsy site for?
bleeding
135
Obtain hematocrit and hemoglobin in
8 hours (detect internal bleeding)
136
Force fluids
prevent ascending UTI
137
RENALBIOPSY: Avoid strenuous exercise for?
2 weeks (to prevent bleeding)
138
Signs of bleeding after cystoscopy
low bp, high RR and PR, restlessness
139
Signs of infection
Ab. pain, tenderness, chills, fever
