Cardiovascular Week 4

Question 1

is an infection that develops in the pleural space

Answer 1

Empyema

Question 2

when excess blood builds üp in the chest cavity, usually due to an injury, tumor, or bleeding disorde

Answer 2

Hemothorax

Question 3

GOLD stands for?

Answer 3

Global initiative for Chronic obstructive lung disease

Question 4

usually associated with a build-up of fatty deposits inside the arteries (atherosclerosis) and an increased risk of blood clots

Answer 4

Coronary artery disease

Question 5

Other names for CAD

Answer 5

Atherosclerotic Heart Disease (ASHD)
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD)

Question 6

top three causes of death

Answer 6

ischemic heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and COVID-19 virus identified.

Question 7

damages the inner layer of blood vessels, makes clots and promotes
plaque build up

Answer 7

Homocysteine

Question 8

has a protective effect over development of coronary heart disease.

Answer 8

HDL (High density lipoprotein

Question 9

The risk of developing CAD is _____ times higher among smokers.

Answer 9

2-6

Question 10

High levels of ________________ are associated with an increased risk of CAD.

Answer 10

fibrinogen and coagulation factor VII

Question 11

Injury on smooth muscle cells
Accumulation of macrophages and T-cells
Attracts lipid to deposit
Streaks of fat develop.

Answer 11

Fatty streak

Question 12

The severe chest pain which is a symptom of coronary artery disease that develops when heart muscles undergo injury due to insufficient oxygen

Answer 12

Angina Pectoris

Question 13

heart muscles undergo injury due to insufficient oxygen

Answer 13

(ischemia)

Question 14

irreversible necrosis of heart muscle secondary to prolonged ischemia.

Answer 14

Myocardial infarction

Question 15

“Effort” angina
The chest pain comes about with physical activity, stress, cold temperatures and overeating.

Answer 15

Stable angina

Question 16

Stable angina , pain lasts for?

Answer 16

3-5 minutes

Question 17

“Worsening” Angina
Caused by a blood clot suddenly blocks an already narrowed coronary artery.

Answer 17

Unstable angina

Question 18

Prinzmetal Angina
Occurs when the muscles in the coronary artery walls go into spasm suddenly narrowing the artery.

Answer 18

Variant angina

Question 19

Common at night or early morning
More common in woman and smokers
what angina

Answer 19

Variant angina

Question 20

angina that is NOT relieved by rest & or nitroglycerin.

Answer 20

Unstable angina

Question 21

help to stabilize the fatty, hardened parts of the arteries, known as plaques.

Answer 21

Statins

Question 22

More severe cases to be managed with

Answer 22

MEDICATIONS
Nitrates
Aspirin
Anti-hypertensives
Cholesterol-lowering drugs

Question 23

where a thin tube is inserted into the coronary artery and a balloon is inflated to widen the artery.

Answer 23

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)

Question 24

The patient’s vital signs may demonstrate:
in MI

Answer 24

Tachycardia
Irregular pulse, V tach, A fib or A flutter, supraventricular arrhythmias; bradyarrhythmias

Question 25

Often called congestive heart failure (CHF) or congestive cardiac failure (CCF)

Answer 25

Acute heart failure

Question 26

Acute heart failure in left sided

Answer 26

laterally displaced apex beat (if enlarged heart) and gallop rhythm

Question 27

rapid filling gallop occurs when there is an imbalance between the wave of rapid ventricular

Answer 27

gallop rhythm

Question 28

Acute heart failure right sided

Answer 28

Ascites, and hepatomegaly. Parasternal heave Pitting peripheral edema or anasarca (swelling of foot and or sacral edema)

Question 29

life-threatening medical condition that occurs due to inadequate substrate for aerobic cellular respiration.

Answer 29

schock

Question 30

state of decreased blood volume; more specifically, decrease in volume of blood plasma.

Answer 30

Hypovolemic shock

Question 31

more than 15% blood volume loss (750 mL) Compensated by constriction of vascular bed No apparent S/S Pallor of the skin what stage?

Answer 31

1

Question 32

30-40% blood volume loss (1.5-2 L) "Systolic BP falls to 100mmHg or less (Classic signs of hypovolemic shock) Marked tachycardia >120 bpm Marked tachypnea > 30 cpm Alteration in mental status (confusion, anxiety, agitation) Sweating with cool, pale skin Delayed capillary refill Urine output of approximately 20 milliliters /hour WHAT STAGE

Answer 32

3

Question 33

Loss greater than 40% (>2L) Extreme tachycardia (>140) with weak pulse Pronounced tachypnea Significantly decreased systolic blood pressure of 70 mmHg or less WHAT STAGE

Answer 33

4

Question 34

Hospital treatment for hypovolemic shock

Answer 34

BT with Fresh frozen plasma/whole blood

Question 35

is the treatment of choice for STEMI.

Answer 35

ercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)

Question 36

What is (CABG)

Answer 36

Coronary artery bypass grafting

Question 37

(frequent nighttime urination) a symptom of right sided acute heart failure

Answer 37

Nocturia