MIDTERM QUIZ 1

Question 1

Regulates homeostasis by sensing system deviations and sending nerve impulses to appropriate organs.

Answer 1

Nervous system

Question 2

Controls and coordinates the body’s response to changes in the environment using hormones

Answer 2

Endocrine system

Question 3

the dynamic process in which the body maintains balance by constantly adjusting to internal and external stimuli

Answer 3

Homeostasis

Question 4

the property of particles in a solution to dissociate into ions.

Answer 4

Osmolarity

Question 5

This is the balance of positive and negative charges.

Answer 5

Electroneutrality

Question 6

relaying of information about a given condition to the appropriate organ or system.

Answer 6

Feedback

Question 7

the body reverses an original stimulus for the body to regain physiologic balance.

Answer 7

Negative feedback

Question 8

Enhances or intensifies the original stimulus.

Answer 8

Positive feedback

Question 9

A woman in labor contractions in childbirth what kind of feedback?

Answer 9

Positive malamang

Question 10

Osmoregulation
what kind of feedback?

Answer 10

negative syempre kaya nga regulation e bobo kaba

Question 11

Consist of water, electrolytes, blood plasma and component cells, proteins, and other soluble particles

Answer 11

solutes.

Question 12

a dynamic process that is crucial for life and homeostasis.

Answer 12

Fluid and electrolyte

Question 13

Fluid occupies almost _____ of the weight of an adult.

Answer 13

60%

Question 14

two fluid compartments:

Answer 14

intracellular space and extracellular space.

Question 15

stabilizing agent for the parts of the cell, helps maintain cell shape, and assists with transport of nutrients across the cell membrane, in and out of the cell.

Answer 15

Intracellular fluid / icf

Question 16

mostly appears as interstitial tissue fluid and intravascular fluid.

Answer 16

Extracellular fluid / ecf

Question 17

Cerebrospinal fluid contains?

Answer 17

Instertitial fluid of 20%

Question 18

Intraocular fluid is made of?

Answer 18

Plasma 7.5%

Question 19

Fluid within blood vessels contains plasma

Answer 19

Intravascular

Question 20

Surrounds the cell (cartilages, connective tissue)

Answer 20

Interstitial

Question 21

Fluid found in body cavities (CSF intestinal fluid)

Answer 21

Transcellular

Question 22

stimulates or inhibits the desire for a person to drink.

Answer 22

thirst center in the hypothalamus

Question 23

regulates the amount of water the kidney tubules absorb and is released in response to low blood volume

Answer 23

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 24

controls fluid volume, in which when the blood volume decreases, blood flow to the renal juxtaglomerular apparatus is reduced

Answer 24

Renin angiotensin aldosterone system (raa system)

Question 25

The heart also plays a role in correcting overload imbalances, by releasing _________ from the right atrium.

Answer 25

Atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 26

is a series of interconnected brain structures that act as a central hub to control fluid levels in the body.

Answer 26

The lamina terminalis (yellow

Question 27

Some cells in the lamina terminalis are adiacent to large, fluid-filled compartments in the brain, called

Answer 27

ventricles (blue).

Question 28

ADH known as

Answer 28

VASOPRESSIN obvious naman

Question 29

Give 6 functions of Antidiuretic hormone OPDBVD

Answer 29

Serve as OSMOREGULATOR of the body. Prevents excess urine production Decrease sweating Increase BP Vasoconstriction It can cause dehydration.

Question 30

Give the 6 Fluid and electrolyte transport EBCPPS

Answer 30

Total electrolyte concentration The body cells The cell membrane permeability Permeability of membranes freely permeable membranes Selectively permeable

Question 31

affects the body's fluid balance.

Answer 31

Total electrolyte concentration

Question 32

Nutrients and oxygen should enter body cells while waste products should exit the body.

Answer 32

The body cells

Question 33

Separates the intracellular environment from the extracellular environment.

Answer 33

The cell membrane

Question 34

The ability of a membrane to allow molecules to pass through.

Answer 34

permeability

Question 35

These membranes allow almost any food or waste substance to pass through.

Answer 35

Permeability of membranes freely permeable membranes

Question 36

Each cell's membrane allows only certain specific substances to pass through.

Answer 36

Selectively permeable

Question 37

Passive transport mechanisms Give the 3 DOF

Answer 37

Diffusion Osmosis Filtration

Question 38

the process of "being widely spread", is the random movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Answer 38

Diffusion

Question 39

the diffusion of a pure solvent, such as water, across a semipermeable membrane in response to a concentration gradient in situations where the molecules of a higher concentration are non diffusible.

Answer 39

Osmosis

Question 40

is the transport of water and dissolved materials concentration already exists in the cell.

Answer 40

filtration

Question 41

require specific enzymes and an energy expenditure in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Answer 41

Active transport mechanisms

Question 42

An adult human at rest takes appropriately_____of fluid daily.

Answer 42

2,500 ml

Question 43

Urine output give output for male, female and infant

Answer 43

60 -120 ml per hour Male void - 300 - 500ml/day Female void - 250 ml/day Infants void - 5-40 Xa day Preschool children are void - every 2 hrs.

Question 44

chemical system set up to resist changes, particularly in hydrogen ion levels.

Answer 44

Buffers

Question 45

are the body's major chemical buffers.

Answer 45

Sodium bicarbonate and carbonic acid

Question 46

basic components in the body, and the kidneys are key in regulating the amount of

Answer 46

Bicarbonate

Question 47

solution that resists changes in pH when acid or alkali is added to it.

Answer 47

Buffers

Question 48

potential or power of hydrogen ion concentration within the solution.

Answer 48

pH

Question 49

metabolism is impaired, causing a decrease in bicarbonates and a buildup of lactic acid.

Answer 49

Metabolic acidosis

Question 50

causes high anion gap metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis

Answer 50

Aspirin

Question 51

occurs when loss of ECF volume exceeds the intake of fluid.

Answer 51

hypovolemia

Question 52

refers to an isotonic volume expansion of the ECF caused by the abnormal retention of water and sodium in approximately the same proportions in which they normally exist in the ECF.

Answer 52

hypervolemia

Question 53

A 48-year-old male has been admitted with a 24 hour history of abdominal distention and profuse vomiting. A CT scan reveals a large mass causing bowel obstruction. As part of the patient’s assessment, the surgical registrar requests that you check his blood gas (on air), with the results shown below: PaO2: 12.7 kPa (11 – 13 kPa) || 95.2 mmHg (82.5 – 97.5 mmHg) pH: 7.50 (7.35 – 7.45) PaCO2: 5.5 kPa (4.7 – 6.0 kPa) || 41 mmHg (35.2 – 45 mmHg) HCO3-: 29 (22 – 26 mEq/L) BE: +3 (-2 to +2)

Answer 53

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 54

George Kent is a 54-year-old widower with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and was rushed to the emergency department with increasing shortness of breath, pyrexia, and a productive cough with yellow-green sputum. He has difficulty communicating because of his inability to complete a sentence. One of his sons, Jacob, says he has been unwell for three days. Upon examination, crackles and wheezes can be heard in the lower lobes; he has tachycardia and a bounding pulse. Measurement of arterial blood gas shows pH 7.3, PaCO2 68 mm Hg, HCO3 28 mmol/L, and PaO2 60 mm Hg. How would you interpret this?

Answer 54

Respiratory Acidosis, Partially Compensated

Question 55

pH 7.0, PaO2 90 mm Hg, PaCO2 23 mm Hg, and HCO3 12 mmol/L; other results are Na+ 126 mmol/L, K+ 5 mmol/L, and Cl- 95 mmol/L. What is your assessment?

Answer 55

D. Metabolic Acidosis, Partially, Compensated

Question 56

pH 7.6, PaO2 120 mm Hg, PaCO2 31 mm Hg, and HCO3 25 mmol/L.

Answer 56

Respiratory Alkalosis, Uncompensated

Question 57

pH 7.5, PaO2 85 mm Hg, PaCO2 40 mm Hg, and HCO3 34 mmol/L. What acid-base disorder is shown?

Answer 57

. Metabolic Alkalosis, Uncompensated