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(31 cards)
Features of shaken baby syndrome
Retinal hemorrhages
Subdural haematoma, encephalopathy
What is the most likely result if a fetus is homozygous for alpha thalassemia
Hydrops fetalis - fetal in utero death due to severe anemia and heart failure
Which chromosome are alpha globulin genes located
chromosome 6
Causes of nappy rashes
Irritant dermatitis- irritant effect of urinary ammonia and faeces, creases are spared
Candida dermatitis- erythematous rash involving flexures with satellite lesions
Seborrhoeic dermatitis- erythematous rash with flakes. Co-exisiting scalp rash
Psoriasus - less common . erythematous scaly rash also present elsewhere
Atopic eczema- other skin areas will be affected
mng nappy rash
disposable nappies are preferable to towel nappies
expose napkin area to air when possible
apply barrier cream (e.g. Zinc and castor oil)
mild steroid cream (e.g. 1% hydrocortisone) in severe cases
management of suspected candidal nappy rash is with a topical imidazole. Cease the use of a barrier cream until the candida has settled
in tetraolgy of fallot what determines the degree of cyanosis and clinical severity
the severity of the right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (pulmonary stenosis) determines the degree of cyanosis and clinical severity
Clin F of tetraology of fallot
Cyanotic episodes- especially when upset
Ejection systolic murmur
CXR- boot shaped hearrr
Indications for imaging head injury peads
rch
first aid advice febrile seizures
caput succedaneum vs cephalohematoma
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what test is used to screen newborns for hearing problems
Otoacoustic emission test
what test is used to screen newborns and infants for hearing problems
Otoacoustic emission test - if this is abnormal then auditory brainstem response test
what test is used to screen 6-9month olds for hearing problems
Distraction test
what test is used to screen 18MO - 2.5YO for hearing problems
Recognition of familiar objects
what test is used to screen >2.5yos for hearing problems
Performance testing
Speech discrimination test
what test is used to screen >3yo for hearing problems
pure tone audiometry
causes of acynaotic heart disease
ventricular septal defects (VSD) - most common, accounts for 30%
atrial septal defect (ASD)
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
coarctation of the aorta
aortic valve stenosis
causes of cyanotic heart disease
tetralogy of Fallot
transposition of the great arteries (TGA)
tricuspid atresia
Chickenpox characteristics
Fever initially
Itchy, rash starting on head/trunk before spreading. Initially macular then papular then vesicular
Systemic upset is usually mild
Measles characteristics
Prodrome: irritable, conjunctivitis, fever
Koplik spots: white spots (‘grain of salt’) on buccal mucosa
Rash: starts behind ears then to whole body, discrete maculopapular rash becoming blotchy & confluent
Mumps characteristics
Fever, malaise, muscular pain
Parotitis (‘earache’, ‘pain on eating’): unilateral initially then becomes bilateral in 70%
Rubella characteristics
Rash: pink maculopapular, initially on face before spreading to whole body, usually fades by the 3-5 day
Lymphadenopathy: suboccipital and postauricular
Erythema infectiosum characteristics
Also known as fifth disease or ‘slapped-cheek syndrome’
Caused by parvovirus B19
Lethargy, fever, headache
‘Slapped-cheek’ rash spreading to proximal arms and extensor surfaces
Scarlet fever characteristics
Reaction to erythrogenic toxins produced by Group A haemolytic streptococci
Fever, malaise, tonsillitis
‘Strawberry’ tongue
Rash - fine punctate erythema sparing the area around the mouth (circumoral pallor)
