neonatal sepsis

Question 1

mcc of neonatal sepsis

Answer 1

Group B streptococcus
E coli

Question 2

Type of neonatal sepsis

Answer 2

Early onset (within 48 hours of life)- typically presents as pneumonia and/or septicaemia. Predominatly from organisms from birht canal (GBS)

Late onset (after 48hours)- acquired after birth, male predominance, (coagulase negative staphylococcus and staphylococcus aureus)

Question 3

RF for early onset sepsis

Answer 3

prolonged ruptured membranes (> 18 hours)
fetal distress
maternal pyrexia (> 38 C) or overt infection such as a UTI, gastroenteritis/diarrhoeal illness
multiple obstetric procedures, including cervical sutures
preterm delivery
history of GBS infection in previous infant
GBS bacteriuria in this pregnancy.

Question 4

RF for late onset sepsis

Answer 4

prolonged hospitalisation such as a preterm infant in a NICU
presence of foreign bodies such as intravenous catheters, endotracheal tubes
cross-infection by staff and parents
malformations such as urinary tract anomalies (for example, vesico-ureteric reflux) or neural tube defects.

Question 5

General features of neonatal sepsis

Answer 5

Pallor, lethargy, jaundice
Fever, hypothermia, temperature instability.
Note: One-third of confirmed sepsis cases are normothermic.

Poor tolerance to handling
Hypoglycaemia/hyperglycaemia
Blood gas derangements (including acidosis and lactate accumulation).
Respiratory symptoms
increased respiratory rate
apnoea
grunting
cyanosis.
Cardiovascular system symptoms
tachycardia
bradycardic episodes
poor perfusion
hypotension.
Cutaneous symptoms
petechiae
bruising
bleeding from puncture sites.
Gastrointestinal (GIT) symptoms
poor feeding
vomiting
abdominal distension
feed intolerance
bilious aspirates/vomits
loose stools.
Central nervous system (CNS) symptoms
lethargy
irritability
seizures.

Question 6

ix neonatal sepsis

Answer 6

https://www.safercare.vic.gov.au/best-practice-improvement/clinical-guidance/neonatal/sepsis-in-neonates

Question 7

mng neonatal sepsis

Answer 7

https://www.safercare.vic.gov.au/best-practice-improvement/clinical-guidance/neonatal/sepsis-in-neonates

Question 8

Most common presentation of neonatal sepsis

Answer 8

Grunting
Signs of resp distress