Carido Diseases Flashcards
Arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
Treatments;
-Statins
- Fibrates
- Bile acid-binding resins
artery walls thicken/harden, loss off elastic tissue associated with aging.
‘atheroma’ (fatty plaque) accumulates in the wall of a vessel, narrows the lumen. Can be dislodged and cause thrombosis. Can cause coronary heart disease. Treatment can cause aneurysms and ruptures.
inhibit cholesterol synthesis, better clearance of LDLs.
less LDL cholesterol, more HDL cholesterol.
less LDL cholesterol.
Coronary heart disease
Treatments;
Balloon angioplasty
Ca+ channel blockers
Organic nitrates
Beta-blockers
blood flow to myocardium is insufficient due to a myocardial infarction (blockage). Causes angina, mediated by vasodilators (adenosine) on pain receptors (nociceptors).
(stenting).
cause vasodilation.
cause vasodilation.
less SNS activity, reduce CO.
Valvular defects –
Regurgitation
Stenosis
Arrhythmias
Sinus tachycardia
inadequate closure causes backflow, reduces CO.
inadequate opening/obstructs flow caused by thickening of the valve or papillary muscle after disease.
irregular heartbeat.
higher HR mediated by the SNS, so normal rhythm but elevated impulse. Can involve caffeine, amphetamines, overactive thyroid gland. Use beta-blockers and Ca+ channel blockers to treat it.
Non-sinus tachycardia
Caused by;
-Triggered beats
- Automaticity
- Re-entry/circus movement
addition of abnormal impulses.
defects in ion channels that regulate a.potentials cause spontaneous, multiple depolarisations = ventricular arrhythmias = sustained abnormal rhythm
abnormal a.potential initiated which leads to a single, harmless premature beat, but SNS stimulation and hypoxia (not enough oxygen to cells) will increase the automaticity.
transmission of electrical impulses is abnormal, causes atrial flutters, can be lethal due to ventricular fibrillation caused by heart damage (blood not removed from heart)
