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Histology 200 > Cartilage > Flashcards

Cartilage Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

Cartilage is a _____, _____ form of _______ tissue that forms parts of the skeleton where more _____ is required.

A

resilient, semirigid; connective; flexibility

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2
Q

Example of where in the skeleton is cartilage found due to its flexibility

A

Where the costal cartilages attach the ribs to the sternum.

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3
Q

Cartilage is vascular or avascular

A

Avascular

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4
Q

Cartilage is avascular. How then do its cells obtain oxygen and nutrients?

A

By diffusion

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5
Q

_____ do not enter cartilage.

A

Blood vessels

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6
Q

The proportion of bone and cartilage in the skeleton _____ as the grows

A

changes

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7
Q

A ____ person has more cartilage

A

younger

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8
Q

The bones of a newborn are soft and flexible because they are mostly composed of _____.

A

cartilage

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9
Q

As a person matures, cartilage is progressively replaced by _____.

A

bone

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10
Q

The human skeleton is initially made up of ____ and _____.

A

cartilages and fibrous membranes

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11
Q

Most of the initial cartilage in the fetal skeleton is soon replaced by _____.

A

bone

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12
Q

Few cartilages that remain in the adult skeleton are found mainly in regions where _____ skeletal tissue is needed.

A

flexible

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13
Q

Cartilage consists of _____ and ______.

A

cells and an extensive extracellular matrix (ECM)

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14
Q

What are the two major components of cartilage ECM?

A

fibres and ground substance

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15
Q

Cartilage fibres include ____ and ____.

A

Collagen and Elastic

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16
Q

Ground substance in cartilage contains _____.

A

Acid Mucopolysaccharides (Chondroitin Sulphate)

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17
Q

Mature cartilage cells that reside in lacunae are called _____.

A

Chondrocytes

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18
Q

Chondrocytes are located in a space or matrix cavities called _____.

A

lacunae

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19
Q

_____ synthesize and secrete ECM in cartilage

A

Chondrocytes

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20
Q

The dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds cartilage is called _____.

A

perichondrium

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21
Q

Meanings: Peri = ____; Chondrium = _____.

A

around; cartilage

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22
Q

Cartilage is surrounded by a layer of dense irregular connective tissue known as _____.

A

perichondrium

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23
Q

Perichondrium is composed of ____ and ____.

A

cells and matrix

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24
Q

Perichondrium matrix consists of _____ and _____.

A

fibres and ground substance

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25
Which cartilage types have a perichondrium?
Hyaline and Elastic cartilage
26
Why is perichondrium absent in fibrocartilage?
Because fibrocartilage requires high tensile strength and relies on dense collagen fibers and surrounding tissues for support and nutrients.
27
What houses the blood vessels that nourish chondrocytes?
The perichondrium
28
Transmitting nutrients to chondrocytes is function of?
Perichondrium
29
Perichondrium houses _____ that nourish chondrocytes
Blood vessels
30
Chondrocytes are mature _______ cells.
cartilage
31
Chondrocytes are synthetically active and secrete _____, _____, _____ and _____.
Matrix, Type II collagen, proteoglycans, and chondronectin
32
Chondrocytes completely fill their _____.
lacunae
33
Are chondrocytes acidophilic or basophilic?
Basophilic
34
The non-cellular component of cartilage that provides rigidity, elasticity, and resilience is _____.
Extracellular Matrix (ECM)
35
ECM fibres include ____ and _____.
Type II collagen; elastic fibres
36
ECM ground substance includes ____, _____ and ____.
Glycosaminoglycans, Proteoglycans, Water
37
Glycosaminoglycans in cartilage ECM include ____ and ____.
Chondroitin sulfate and Keratan sulfate
38
ECM is _____ (basophilic or acidophilic)
basophilic
39
Subdivisions of ECM based on their composition and location relative to chondrocytes are:
Territorial matrix and Interterritorial matrix
40
What part of cartilage ECM surrounds the lacunae?
Territorial matrix
41
Interterritorial matrix is located _____.
between lacunae
42
Territorial matrix is richer in _____ and _____ than interterritorial matrix.
proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans
43
Territorial matrix has _____ collagen content than interterritorial matrix.
lower
44
Interterritorial matrix has _____ type II collagen content than territorial matrix
Higher
45
High GAG content, lower collagen, more basophilic, water-attracting, protective of chondrocytes... properties of?
Territorial matrix
46
Higher collagen, more eosinophilic, provides tensile strength and mechanical support... features of?
Interterritorial matrix
47
All three types of cartilage have same basic components: _____ encased in small cavities (____) within _______
Cells (chondrocytes), lacunae, an extracellular matrix containing jelly-like substance and fibers
48
What property of cartilage matrix allows it to accommodate mitosis?
Flexible matrix
49
What are the two growth types in cartilage?
Appositional and Interstitial growth
50
Which type of cartilage growth occurs at the surface?
Appositional growth
51
In appositional growth, new cartilage is formed by the addition of new cells and matrix at the _____ of the existing cartilage?
Periphery
52
In appositional growth, chondrocytes in the ______ differentiate into new chondrocytes?
Perichondrium
53
Which growth increases the thickness of the cartilage?
Appositional growth
54
What type of growth is the addition of new cartilage over the surface of existing cartilage?
Appositional growth
55
Appositional growth only occurs in which types of cartilage?
Hyaline and elastic cartilage
56
Why do articular cartilage and fibrocartilage not undergo appositional growth?
They lack perichondrium
57
Which type of cartilage growth involves division and proliferation of chondrocytes that causes expansion from within?
Interstitial growth
58
In interstitial growth, chondrocytes within the ______ divide and produce new cells which secrete additional matrix
cartilage matrix
59
Which cartilage type relies solely on interstitial growth and why?
Fibrocartilage, because it lacks perichondrium
60
Cartilage growth by multiplication of cells throughout its substance is called?
Interstitial growth
61
Which cartilage provides support with flexibility and resilience?
Hyaline cartilage
62
Which cartilage is more resistant to repeated bending?
Elastic cartilage
63
Which cartilage is found in sites subjected to heavy pressure and stretch ____ Fibrocartilage
64
Which cartilage is highly compressible and has great tensile strength?
Fibrocartilage
65
Chondrocytes appear spherical in which cartilage?
Hyaline cartilage
66
Hyaline cartilage matrix contains which type of collagen fibers?
Type II collagen fibers (fine collagen fibers)
67
List four examples of hyaline cartilage.
Articular, costal, respiratory, nasal cartilages
68
Elastic cartilage is similar to which other type?
Hyaline cartilage
69
Elastic cartilage contains which additional fiber type besides Type II collagen?
Elastic fibers
70
Where is elastic cartilage found?
External ear and epiglottis
71
Fibrocartilage contains rows of chondrocytes alternating with _____?
Thick collagen fibers
72
What are examples of fibrocartilage sites?
Menisci of knee, intervertebral discs
73
Matrix of fibrocartilage contains which types of collagen fibers?
Type I (thick) mainly and Type II
74
Hyaline cartilage ground substance is described as ___.
Homogeneous and clearly basophilic
75
Elastic cartilage ground substance is described as ___.
Rich in elastic fibers, basophilic
76
Fibrocartilage ground substance is described as ___.
Acidophilic
77
Which cartilage is found in tracheal rings, nasal septum, larynx, costal cartilage, articular surfaces of joints?
Hyaline cartilage
78
Which cartilage is found in auricle, external auditory meatus, auditory tube, epiglottis, apices of arytenoid cartilage
Elastic cartilage
79
Which cartilage is found in intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, menisci of knee, arytenoid cartilage (except apices), manubriosternal joint, temporomandibular joint articular disc?
Fibrocartilage
80
Cartilage cells are present singly or in groups of 2 or 4 inside lacunae; which cartilage?
Hyaline cartilage
81
Larger, more numerous, packed more closely. This describes cells
Elastic cartilage.
82
What stain is used to identify elastic fibers in elastic cartilage?
Orcein
83
Cartilage cells are fewer, smaller, scattered singly or in rows in which cartilage
Fibrocartilage
84
Cartilage matrix of fibrocartilage contains ___.
Collagen Type I & II in thick parallel bundles
85
How does damaged cartilage heal in adults?
Often incompletely and replaced by fibrous tissue
86
Why is cartilage regeneration better in children?
More active perichondrium
87
What tissue is more susceptible to degenerative aging?
Hyaline cartilage
88
What process in cartilage begins with chondrocyte enlargement and ends with cell death?
Calcification of the matrix
89
What is "asbestiform" degeneration in cartilage?
Formation of localized aggregates of thick, abnormal collagen fibrils
90
What results from rupture of the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc?
Dislocation or slip from its position between vertebrae

Histology 200 (11 decks)

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