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Histology 200 > Muscle > Flashcards

Muscle Flashcards

(96 cards)

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1
Q

Muscle tissue is composed of differentiated cells containing ____.

A

contractile proteins

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2
Q

Which proteins generate the forces necessary for cellular contraction?

A

contractile proteins

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3
Q

Nearly all muscle cells are of ______ origin.

A

mesodermal

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4
Q

Muscle cells differentiate mainly by a gradual process of cell lengthening with simultaneous synthesis of _______.

A

myofibrillar proteins

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5
Q

The three types of muscle tissue are distinguished on the basis of _____

A

morphologic and functional characteristics

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6
Q

List the five properties of muscles.

A

Excitability, Conductivity, Contractility, Extensibility, Elasticity

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7
Q

Which muscle property describes the ability to respond to chemical, mechanical or electrical stimuli?

A

Excitability

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8
Q

Which muscle property is the ability to return to original length after stretching?

A

Elasticity

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9
Q

Which muscle property describes ability to shorten substantially?

A

Contractility

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10
Q

Which muscle property describes ability to stretch between contractions?

A

Extensibility

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11
Q

Which muscle property describes initiation of events that lead to contraction?

A

Conductivity

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12
Q

Why do muscles contract?

A

Because muscle cells have contractile proteins - actin and myosin, troponin, tropomyosin and other proteins

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13
Q

Interaction of ___ and ___ mediates the contraction of muscle cells

A

Actin and Myosin

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14
Q

Actin and myosin form ____

A

Myofilaments

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15
Q

Myosin is ______, ____, and ______.

A

Thick, dark and Anisotropic (A)

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16
Q

Actin is ______, _____, and ______.

A

Thin, light and Isotropic (I)

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17
Q

Actin and myosin myofilaments are arranged ______ to the direction of cellular contraction.

A

parallel

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18
Q

Special organelles responsible for muscle contraction?

A

myofibrils

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19
Q

Skeletal muscle cells are ______ and ______ in shape.

A

long; cylindrical

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20
Q

Skeletal muscle cells are multi-nucleated. True or False?

A

True

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21
Q

Contractile proteins of skeletal muscle include?

A

actin, myosin, and tinin

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22
Q

Regulatory proteins of skeletal muscle include?

A

troponin and tropomyosin

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23
Q

Contractile unit of skeletal muscle?

A

sarcomere

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24
Q

What defines a sarcomere?

A

Distance between two Z discs

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25
Distance between two Z discs is ___
Sarcomere
26
Wraps an entire muscle.
Epimysium
27
Subdivides each muscle into fascicles.
Perimysium
28
Wraps individual muscle fibers (muscle cells or myocytes).
Endomysium
29
Bundles of 10-100 muscle fibers are called ____
Fascicles
30
'Hypodermis' is another name for?
Superficial fascia
31
Lines body walls and binds muscle groups together, separating them into functional groups.
Deep fascia
32
Skeletal muscle is usually under ______ control.
voluntary
33
Does skeletal muscle undergo graded contraction?
Yes
34
Skeletal muscle is fatigable T or F
True
35
Contraction of skeletal muscle is quick T or F
True
36
______ is the functional unit of striated muscle contraction
Sarcomere
37
Which mechanism aids contraction?
Sliding filament mechanism
38
Sarcomeres are the myofilaments between ____
Two successive Z discs
39
Z discs anchor which type of filaments?
thin filaments
40
A band is the overlap of ______ and ______ filaments.
thick (myosin) and thin filaments
41
I band contains only ______ filaments.
thin (actin)
42
H zone contains only ______ filaments.
thick
43
M line anchors which type of filaments?
thick
44
What changes during contraction, the length of filaments or amount of overlap?
Amount of overlap; there is an increase in amount of overlap
45
What causes muscle contraction?
Sliding of thin and thick filaments past each other
46
Structure composed of all muscle fibers innervated by a single motor neuron?
motor unit
47
Synapse between a motor nerve and a muscle fiber is ___
Neuromuscular junction
48
_____ is the functional connection between a nerve fiber and its target cell
Synapse
49
Neurotransmitter for skeletal muscle?
Acetylcholine (Ach)
50
What structure leads excitation into the muscle fiber?
T-tubule system
51
Triad consists of ______ and ______.
T-tubules; cisternae of sarcoplasmic reticulum
52
Where does the motor end plate form?
At the synapse between an axon and skeletal muscle fiber
53
Cardiac muscle cells are long like skeletal muscles T or F
False
54
What is the location of nuclei in cardiac muscle cell?
Centrally in the cell
55
What ensures synchronized contraction in cardiac muscle through desmosomes, gap junctions...?
Intercalated discs
56
Cardiac muscle is under ______ control.
involuntary
57
Is cardiac muscle autorhythmic?
Yes
58
Cardiac muscle cells are often ______ and may be ______ (basis of nucleus).
branched; mononucleated or binucleated
59
Intrinsic rhythm in cardiac muscle is modified by
neural and hormonal signals
60
Examples of intercalated discs in cardiac muscle
Gap junctions, desmosomes
61
Smooth muscle cells are ______ shaped.
spindle
62
Are smooth muscles mononucleated, bi or multi?
Mononucleutead
63
Are skeletal muscles mononucleated, bi or multi?
Multinucleutead
64
Are cardiac muscles mononucleated, bi or multi?
May be mononucleated or binucleated
65
Do smooth muscle cells have striations?
No
66
Smooth muscle is found in the walls of ______.
hollow internal structures
67
What kind of nucleus does a smooth muscle cell have and where is it located?
Single centrally located nucleus
68
Is smooth muscle autorhythmic?
It my be autorhythmic
69
Smooth muscle is under ______ control.
involuntary
70
Does smooth muscle fatigue?
No
71
Does skeletal muscle fatigue?
Yes
72
Does cardiac muscle fatigue?
No
73
Is contraction in smooth muscle fast or slow?
slow and long
74
Is contraction in cardiac muscle fast or slow?
Fast
75
Are sarcomeres present in smooth muscle?
No
76
Smooth muscles may have gap junctions. T or F
True
77
The band that appears dark under the microscope in muscle fibers due to overlapping thick and thin filaments is the ____ band.
A band
78
This skeletal muscle connective tissue surrounds bundles of muscle fibers, known as fascicles.
Perimysium
79
The region in a sarcomere that only contains thin actin filaments is the ____ band.
I band
80
In cardiac muscle, the ________________ ensures synchronized contraction. Intercalated discs
81
What structure is formed by invaginations of the sarcolemma in muscle fibers?
T-tubule system
82
What is the role of calcium ions in muscle contraction?
Calcium ions bind to troponin, allowing actin and myosin to interact and contract the muscle.
83
What is the term for the heart's ability to contract without external stimuli?
Autorhythmicity
84
The functional connection between a nerve fiber and its target muscle cell is called a ____.
Synapse
85
What is the name of the structure that invaginates the sarcolemma and conducts the action potential into the muscle fiber?
T-tubules
86
This region of a sarcomere contains thick myosin filaments only.
H zone
87
The process of muscle contraction where actin and myosin filaments slide past one another, causing the sarcomere to shorten, is known as ____.
The sliding filament mechanism
88
The specialized junctions that connect cardiac muscle cells and enable synchronized contraction are called ____.
Intercalated discs
89
Which protein in skeletal muscle binds calcium ions to initiate muscle contraction?
Troponin
90
This structure in smooth muscle allows cells to contract together in a coordinated manner.
Gap junctions
91
The mechanism by which skeletal muscle fibers increase their force of contraction by recruiting more muscle fibers is known as ____.
Graded contraction
92
What is the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction?
It releases calcium ions to initiate contraction
93
This connective tissue covering wraps individual muscle fibers in skeletal muscle.
Endomysium
94
In skeletal muscle, this type of connective tissue wraps the entire muscle.
Epimysium
95
This feature of skeletal muscle helps it contract quickly but also leads to fatigue.
Voluntary control
96
These muscle fibers can contract rapidly but are prone to fatigue.
Skeletal muscle fibers

Histology 200 (11 decks)

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