Cartilage

Question 1

What are the three types of cartilage?

Answer 1

Hyalin
Fibrous
Elastic

Question 2

What is the ground substance of cartilage made out of?

Answer 2

Chondroitin sulfate

Keratan sulfate

Question 3

What makes up the matrix of collagen?

Answer 3

Fibers + ground substance

Question 4

Hyalin and elastic cartilage develop from what?

Answer 4

Mesenchyme

Question 5

Mesenachymal cells differentiate into what?

Answer 5

Chondroblasts

Question 6

When chondroblasts become entrapped in lacunae, what are they termed?

Answer 6

Chondrocytes

Question 7

From what is the perichondrium derived?

Answer 7

Mesenchymal cells surrounding the developing cartialge

Question 8

What is the outer layer of the perichondrium made up of?

Answer 8

Fibroblasts

Mesenchymal cells

Question 9

Where is the chondrogenic layer found?

Answer 9

In the inner layer of the perichondrium

Question 10

What is the chondrogenic layer?

Answer 10

Where chondroblasts undergo mitosis to produce more chondroblasts

Question 11

From what does fibrocartilage develop?

Answer 11

Dense connective tissue

Question 12

What is appositional growth?

Answer 12

Growth only occurring on the surface

Question 13

Appositional growth only allows for which direction of growth?

Answer 13

Width

Question 14

In appositional growth, where are the new layers of cartilage laid down?

Answer 14

Around the perimeter of the existing cartilage

Question 15

What will occur to appositional growth if the perichondrium is removed?

Answer 15

Appositional growth will cease

Question 16

Appositional growth is dependent upon what?

Answer 16

The mitotic activity of the chondrogenic layer of the perichondrium

Question 17

What is interstitial growth?

Answer 17

When new cartilage is added within existing cartilage

Question 18

Interstitial growth increases what?

Answer 18

Length (specific for endochondral bone formation)

Question 19

In interstitial growth, what is formed as a result of mitotic activity within lacunae?

Answer 19

Cell nests

Question 20

In interstitial growth, continued secretion of matrix results in what?

Answer 20

The lacunae moving apart from one another

Question 21

Does cartilage have a blood supply?

Answer 21

No

Question 22

How to chondroblasts get nutrition?

Answer 22

Diffusion of tissue fluid through the matrix

Question 23

Where does the tissue fluid that feeds the chondroblasts originate?

Answer 23

From blood vessels located outside the perichondrium

Question 24

Invasion of cartilage by blood vessels is usually associated with what?

Answer 24

Calcification and death of the cartilage

Question 25

What type of cartilage comprises the skeleton of the embryo?

Answer 25

Hyaline cartilage

Question 26

What progressively replaces hyaline cartilage as we grow?

Answer 26

Bone

Question 27

40% of the matrix of hyaline cartilage is what type of collagen?

Answer 27

Type II

Question 28

In hyaline cartilage, the matrix appears ___.

Answer 28

Homogenous - can't bee see with a light microscope

Question 29

What makes up the amorphous ground substance of hyaline cartilage?

Answer 29

Chondroitin sulfate | Keratan sulfate

Question 30

In hyaline cartilage, where are younger cells found? Older cells?

Answer 30

Small, flat-ish lacunae | Large, round lacunae

Question 31

In hyaline cartilage, cell nests are present in areas where cells retain what?

Answer 31

The capability of mitosis

Question 32

Is perichondrium present in hyaline cartilage?

Answer 32

Yes

Question 33

Are there nerves and blood vessels in hyaline cartilage?

Answer 33

Nope

Question 34

Where is hyaline cartilage usually found?

Answer 34

``` Ends of long bones Nose Larynx Trachea Bronchus Between ribs ```

Question 35

How does elastic cartilage differ visibly from hyaline cartilage?

Answer 35

Fibers are noticeable in the matrix | Predominantly elastic fibers (few type II fibers)

Question 36

Is there perichondrium in elastic cartilage?

Answer 36

Yes

Question 37

Where is elastic cartilage found?

Answer 37

``` External ear (pinna) Epiglottis ```

Question 38

Fibrocartilage is primarily made up of what?

Answer 38

Collagen fibers

Question 39

How does fibrocartilage differ from hyaline and elastic cartilage?

Answer 39

Fewer lacunae per unit area Develops from dense connective tissue (not mesenchymal) No perichondrium

Question 40

Where is fibrocartilage found?

Answer 40

Tendon insertions Pubic symphysis Intervertebral discs