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MCBM Exam 3 > Connective Tissue - Notes > Flashcards

Connective Tissue - Notes Flashcards

1
Q

What is connective tissue proper?

A

Soft tissues; components in a fluid or gelatinous ground substance

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2
Q

What are examples of soft connective tissues?

A

Adipose

Blood

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3
Q

What are supportive connective tissues?

A

Hard tissues: components embedded in a solid ground substance

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4
Q

What are some examples of supportive connective tissues?

A

Bone

Cartilage

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5
Q

Classification of connective tissue is based on what two things?

A

Relative density of components

Characteristics of the extracellular matrix

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6
Q

What makes up extracellular matrix?

A

Ground substance + fibers

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7
Q

What are the 3 components of connective tissues?

A

Fibers
Ground substance
Cells

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8
Q

What are the 3 types of fibers found in connective tissue?

A

Collagen fibers
Elastic fibers
Reticular fibers

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9
Q

What do subtypes of connective tissue depend on?

A

Types and arrangements of fibers

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10
Q

What percent of total body protein is collagen fiber?

A

30-40%

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11
Q

Are collagen fibers capable of stretching or contracting?

A

No

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12
Q

Which type of fibers are heat labile?

A

Collagen fibers

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13
Q

What does heat labile mean?

A

With heat, collagen fibers become gelatinous and glue-like

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14
Q

Do collagen fibers have a high or low molecular weight?

A

High

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15
Q

Collagen fibers are composed primarily of which three amino acids?

A

Glycine
Proline
Hydroxyproline

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16
Q

What is the most abundant amino acid in collagen fibers?

A

Glycine

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17
Q

What is the monomer of collagen fiber called?

A

Tropocollagen

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18
Q

Are collagen fibers straight or wavy?

A

May be either

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19
Q

What determines whether collagen fibers are loosely or densely packed?

A

Location and function requirements

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20
Q

What is the most common type of collagen?

A

Type I

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21
Q

What is type II collagen?

A

Makes cartilage

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22
Q

Where is type III collagen found?

A 
Smooth muscle
Aorta
Uterus
Spleen
Lungs
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23
Q

Where is type IV collagen found?

A

Basal lamina

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24
Q

In the basal lamina, what is the specific location where type IV collagen is found?

A

Between epithelial and connective tissues

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25
Q

Where is type V collagen found?

A

Placental membranes

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26
Q

What are the 2 main features of elastic fibers?

A

Stretch

Resistant to heat

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27
Q

In elastic fibers, what surrounds the elastin?

A

Microfibrils

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28
Q

Elastin proteins are rich in which amino acids?

A

Glycine
Proline
Also contains: Valine, desmosine and isodesmosine

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29
Q

Reticular fibers are usually found where ___ is found.

A

Collagen

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30
Q

Where is reticular fiber abundant?

A

Boundaries between connective tissue and other tissues

31
Q

What fibers make up the majority of the stroma in bone marrow?

A

Reticular fibers

32
Q

Besides bone marrow, what are 2 places where there are many reticular fibers?

A

Lymphoid tissues

Liver

33
Q

Which type of fibers blacken with silver stains?

A

Reticular fibers

34
Q

Do reticular fibers form bundles?

A

Nope

35
Q

What type of collagen fibrils make up reticular fibers?

A

Type III (no bundles, thought)

36
Q

What is the connective tissue ground substance made of?

A 
Mixture of :
Proteins
Lipid
Carbs
Water
37
Q

What is the consistency of ground substance?

A

Can be ciscous to solid

38
Q

What are the 2 main protein components of ground substance?

A

Glycoproteins

GAGs

39
Q

GAGs have many ___ groups.

A

Hydrophilic

40
Q

GAGs may serve as a protective barrier to the diffusion of what?

A

Inorganic ions

Charged molecules

41
Q

What are 3 examples of GAGs in connective tissue?

A

Hyaluronic acid
Chondroitin sulfate
Dermatan sulfate

42
Q

Viscosity of ground substance is related to what?

A

Types of GAGs present

43
Q

Is hyaluronic acid sulfated or non-sulfated?

A

Non-sulfated

44
Q

Hyaluronic acid can bind large amounts of what?

A

Water

45
Q

Where is chondroitin sulfate present?

A

Hard connective tissues

46
Q

What are the 4 loose connective tissue subtypes?

A

Areolar
Adipose
Reticular
Hemopoietic

47
Q

What is the function of areolar connective tissue?

A

To bind organs together

48
Q

What is the structure of areolar connective tissue?

A

Loosely arranged collagen

49
Q

What is the function of adipose tissue?

A

Fat storage

50
Q

What type of cell predominates in adipose connective tissue?

A

Adipocytes

51
Q

What are the 5 types of cells of loose connective tissue?

A
  1. Fibroblasts
  2. Mesenchymal cells
  3. Adipocytes
  4. Macrophages
  5. Mast cells
52
Q

What shape are fibroblasts?

A

Fusiform or stellate

53
Q

How many nucleoli are found in fibroblasts?

A

1-2

54
Q

Fibroblasts arise from what cells?

A

Other fibroblasts

Mesenchymal cells

55
Q

What is the most common cell in loose connective tissue?

A

Fibroblast

56
Q

What is the function of the fibroblast?

A

Produces fibers and ground substance

Important in wound healing

57
Q

What is the nucleus of fibroblasts made of?

A

Fine chromatin

58
Q

What is the nucleus of mesenchymal cells made of?

A

Coarse chromatin

59
Q

Mesenchymal cells are similar to what kind of cells?

A

Fibroblasts

60
Q

What is the function of mesenchymal cells?

A

To give rise to other mesenchymal derived cells (they are stem cells)

61
Q

What are adipocytes specialized for?

A

Synthesis and/or intake of lipids

62
Q

The cytoplasm and nucleus are displaced in which direction in adipocytes?

A

Laterally

63
Q

What do macrophages originate from?

A

Blood monocytes

64
Q

Is the outline of macrophages irregular or regular

A

Irregular

65
Q

What shape is a macrophage nucleus?

A

Ovoid

66
Q

What is the function of macrophages

A

Phagocytosis of cell debris, microorganisms and foreign material
To “process” antigens

67
Q

The cytoplasm of mast cells is full of what?

A

Secretory granules

68
Q

Mast cells are usually associated with what?

A

Capillaries

69
Q

Which type of cell has a small, dark-staining nucleus?

A

Mast cells

70
Q

What is the function of the mast cells?

A

Contain heparin and histamine

71
Q

What does heparin do?

A

Anticoagulant

72
Q

What does histamine do?

A

Dilates blood vessels

73
Q

What are the 2 types of agranulocyte cells in connective tissue?

A
  1. Lymphocytes

2. Plasma cells

74
Q

What are the smallest cells in the connective tissue with large, dark staining nuclei?

A

Lymphocytes

MCBM Exam 3 (9 decks)

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