Connective Tissue - Notes

Question 1

What is connective tissue proper?

Answer 1

Soft tissues; components in a fluid or gelatinous ground substance

Question 2

What are examples of soft connective tissues?

Answer 2

Adipose

Blood

Question 3

What are supportive connective tissues?

Answer 3

Hard tissues: components embedded in a solid ground substance

Question 4

What are some examples of supportive connective tissues?

Answer 4

Bone

Cartilage

Question 5

Classification of connective tissue is based on what two things?

Answer 5

Relative density of components

Characteristics of the extracellular matrix

Question 6

What makes up extracellular matrix?

Answer 6

Ground substance + fibers

Question 7

What are the 3 components of connective tissues?

Answer 7

Fibers
Ground substance
Cells

Question 8

What are the 3 types of fibers found in connective tissue?

Answer 8

Collagen fibers
Elastic fibers
Reticular fibers

Question 9

What do subtypes of connective tissue depend on?

Answer 9

Types and arrangements of fibers

Question 10

What percent of total body protein is collagen fiber?

Answer 10

30-40%

Question 11

Are collagen fibers capable of stretching or contracting?

Answer 11

No

Question 12

Which type of fibers are heat labile?

Answer 12

Collagen fibers

Question 13

What does heat labile mean?

Answer 13

With heat, collagen fibers become gelatinous and glue-like

Question 14

Do collagen fibers have a high or low molecular weight?

Answer 14

High

Question 15

Collagen fibers are composed primarily of which three amino acids?

Answer 15

Glycine
Proline
Hydroxyproline

Question 16

What is the most abundant amino acid in collagen fibers?

Answer 16

Glycine

Question 17

What is the monomer of collagen fiber called?

Answer 17

Tropocollagen

Question 18

Are collagen fibers straight or wavy?

Answer 18

May be either

Question 19

What determines whether collagen fibers are loosely or densely packed?

Answer 19

Location and function requirements

Question 20

What is the most common type of collagen?

Answer 20

Type I

Question 21

What is type II collagen?

Answer 21

Makes cartilage

Question 22

Where is type III collagen found?

Answer 22

Smooth muscle
Aorta
Uterus
Spleen
Lungs

Question 23

Where is type IV collagen found?

Answer 23

Basal lamina

Question 24

In the basal lamina, what is the specific location where type IV collagen is found?

Answer 24

Between epithelial and connective tissues

Question 25

Where is type V collagen found?

Answer 25

Placental membranes

Question 26

What are the 2 main features of elastic fibers?

Answer 26

Stretch | Resistant to heat

Question 27

In elastic fibers, what surrounds the elastin?

Answer 27

Microfibrils

Question 28

Elastin proteins are rich in which amino acids?

Answer 28

Glycine Proline Also contains: Valine, desmosine and isodesmosine

Question 29

Reticular fibers are usually found where ___ is found.

Answer 29

Collagen

Question 30

Where is reticular fiber abundant?

Answer 30

Boundaries between connective tissue and other tissues

Question 31

What fibers make up the majority of the stroma in bone marrow?

Answer 31

Reticular fibers

Question 32

Besides bone marrow, what are 2 places where there are many reticular fibers?

Answer 32

Lymphoid tissues | Liver

Question 33

Which type of fibers blacken with silver stains?

Answer 33

Reticular fibers

Question 34

Do reticular fibers form bundles?

Answer 34

Nope

Question 35

What type of collagen fibrils make up reticular fibers?

Answer 35

Type III (no bundles, thought)

Question 36

What is the connective tissue ground substance made of?

Answer 36

``` Mixture of : Proteins Lipid Carbs Water ```

Question 37

What is the consistency of ground substance?

Answer 37

Can be ciscous to solid

Question 38

What are the 2 main protein components of ground substance?

Answer 38

Glycoproteins | GAGs

Question 39

GAGs have many ___ groups.

Answer 39

Hydrophilic

Question 40

GAGs may serve as a protective barrier to the diffusion of what?

Answer 40

Inorganic ions | Charged molecules

Question 41

What are 3 examples of GAGs in connective tissue?

Answer 41

Hyaluronic acid Chondroitin sulfate Dermatan sulfate

Question 42

Viscosity of ground substance is related to what?

Answer 42

Types of GAGs present

Question 43

Is hyaluronic acid sulfated or non-sulfated?

Answer 43

Non-sulfated

Question 44

Hyaluronic acid can bind large amounts of what?

Answer 44

Water

Question 45

Where is chondroitin sulfate present?

Answer 45

Hard connective tissues

Question 46

What are the 4 loose connective tissue subtypes?

Answer 46

Areolar Adipose Reticular Hemopoietic

Question 47

What is the function of areolar connective tissue?

Answer 47

To bind organs together

Question 48

What is the structure of areolar connective tissue?

Answer 48

Loosely arranged collagen

Question 49

What is the function of adipose tissue?

Answer 49

Fat storage

Question 50

What type of cell predominates in adipose connective tissue?

Answer 50

Adipocytes

Question 51

What are the 5 types of cells of loose connective tissue?

Answer 51

1. Fibroblasts 2. Mesenchymal cells 3. Adipocytes 4. Macrophages 5. Mast cells

Question 52

What shape are fibroblasts?

Answer 52

Fusiform or stellate

Question 53

How many nucleoli are found in fibroblasts?

Answer 53

1-2

Question 54

Fibroblasts arise from what cells?

Answer 54

Other fibroblasts | Mesenchymal cells

Question 55

What is the most common cell in loose connective tissue?

Answer 55

Fibroblast

Question 56

What is the function of the fibroblast?

Answer 56

Produces fibers and ground substance | Important in wound healing

Question 57

What is the nucleus of fibroblasts made of?

Answer 57

Fine chromatin

Question 58

What is the nucleus of mesenchymal cells made of?

Answer 58

Coarse chromatin

Question 59

Mesenchymal cells are similar to what kind of cells?

Answer 59

Fibroblasts

Question 60

What is the function of mesenchymal cells?

Answer 60

To give rise to other mesenchymal derived cells (they are stem cells)

Question 61

What are adipocytes specialized for?

Answer 61

Synthesis and/or intake of lipids

Question 62

The cytoplasm and nucleus are displaced in which direction in adipocytes?

Answer 62

Laterally

Question 63

What do macrophages originate from?

Answer 63

Blood monocytes

Question 64

Is the outline of macrophages irregular or regular

Answer 64

Irregular

Question 65

What shape is a macrophage nucleus?

Answer 65

Ovoid

Question 66

What is the function of macrophages

Answer 66

Phagocytosis of cell debris, microorganisms and foreign material To "process" antigens

Question 67

The cytoplasm of mast cells is full of what?

Answer 67

Secretory granules

Question 68

Mast cells are usually associated with what?

Answer 68

Capillaries

Question 69

Which type of cell has a small, dark-staining nucleus?

Answer 69

Mast cells

Question 70

What is the function of the mast cells?

Answer 70

Contain heparin and histamine

Question 71

What does heparin do?

Answer 71

Anticoagulant

Question 72

What does histamine do?

Answer 72

Dilates blood vessels

Question 73

What are the 2 types of agranulocyte cells in connective tissue?

Answer 73

1. Lymphocytes | 2. Plasma cells

Question 74

What are the smallest cells in the connective tissue with large, dark staining nuclei?

Answer 74

Lymphocytes