Case Studies

Question 1

Case study for air pollution in a city

Answer 1

Lahore, Pakistan(air pollution): Causes are vehicular & industrial emissions and burning of crop residue. Consequences are respiratory diseases, obstruction of infrastructure. In Nov 2024, smog in Lahore skyrocketed to precisely approx 1100 AQI(200 AQI is considered unhealthy). Schools, offices, parks shut down. Masks recommended by authorities.

Question 2

Case study for traffic congestion

Answer 2

Lagos, Nigeria(traffic congestion): The Lagos Metropolitan Area Transport Authority (LAMATA) set up a bus rapid transit (BRT) system(first opened in March 2008) that runs from north-south from the suburbs to the CBD(in Lagos). Used by 200k+ people everyday.

Question 3

Example of eco-city

Answer 3

Copenhagen, Denmark(eco-city): Bicycle culture. CopenHill burns waste and converts it into energy, providing electricity for 30k households and district heating for 72k). 25% of Copenhagen is green space.

Question 4

Example of anti-natalist policy

Answer 4

China(anti-natalist policy): One-child policy in effect 1980-2015. Raised to 2 children in 1 Jan 2016. Raised to 3 in May 2021. All limitations removed July 2021. Fines and forced abortions for violators. If no fine, child legally didn’t exist so no social benefits.

Question 5

Example of pro-natalist policy

Answer 5

Japan(pro-natalist policy): Japan provides cash incentives, housing subsidies, free childcare, free education and free medical care for children under 16 years old. Policies not working; Japan fertility rate still 1.26(2022)

Question 6

Population of Jakarta(megacity)

Answer 6

10.67 million

Question 7

Case study for impacts of climate change(Ghana)

Answer 7

Ghana(impacts of climate change): food insecurity from worse crop yields(due to erratic rainfall patterns, droughts, and increased temperatures). Water shortages. 17% of global electricity generation in 2020 was from hydropower. Increased prevalence of malaria and cholera.

Question 8

Case study for impacts of climate change(Venice)

Answer 8

Venice(impacts of climate change): Rising sea levels. tide levels rise by around five millimeters per year. Increased flooding. Increase in the number and severity of storms.