Cat 7 and 9 Flashcards by Miranda Hennessy

what is the endocrine system

series of ductless glands that secrete hormones

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what does the thyroid do

released thyroxin which increases cellular metabolism

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what gland regulates calcium

parathyroid

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what does the adrenal gland secrete

steroids, epinephrine, norepinephrine

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whats the function of steroids

control water and electryolyte levels and carbohydrste metabolism

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where is the pituitary gland located

suspended from undersurface of brain (hypophysis)

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what hormones do the pancrrease secrete

islets of langerhans secrete glucagon, insulin (sugar regulation)

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what is the function of the olefactory organ

used for smelling

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what is the function of the gustatory organ

for tasting

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what bone do the cat eyes lie within

the orbit

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what is the conjunctiva

thin, transparent mucous membrane that covers underside of each eyelid

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what is the nictitating membrane

fold on the inner corner of the eye that can be expanded to cover entire eye

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what is the harderian gland

located at base of the nictitating membrane, supplies secretions of the lacrimal gland

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what is the lacrimal gland

tear gland

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what is the infraorbital gland

small red salivary gland on the floor of the orbit, in line with upper row of teeth

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how many muscles control the movement of the eye

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what are the collective term for the eye muscles

extrinsic eye muscles

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what are the 7 eye muscles

superior, inferior, lateral, and medial rectus
superior and inferior oblique
refractor

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what sense are organs in the ears for

hearing and equilibrium

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what are the three main parts of the ear

external ear, middle ear, internal ear

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what is the pinna

sound funneling structure supporrted by cartilage

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what canal extends from the pinna

external auditory meatus

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where does the external auditory meatus terminate

tympanic membrane

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what is the tympanic membrane

separates external ear from middle ear (delicate sheet)

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how many chambers does the middle ear have

where is the middle ear located

in the tympanic bulla

whats another name for the middle eat

tympanic cavity

what bones transmit sound from external ear to internal ear

3 small bones or ossicles

what are the 3 ossicles

malleus, incus, stapes

what is the largest ossicle

malleus

what is the lateral wall of the tympanic cavity

fenestra vestibuli

where is the fenestra cochlea located

below the fenestra vestibuli

what are the two labrynths of the inner ear

body labrynth, vestibule

whats in the cochlea of the inner ear

sensorary hairs which are the actual receptors for sound

what is the function of ampullae in the inner ear

have sensory receptor cells to maintain equilibrium

whats something sheep eyes have that cat eyes done

a third eyelid

what is the fibrous coat of the eye

external tunic of the eye

what is the cornea

procective covering of the eye

what is the fornix

conjunctiva that connects eyelid to cornea

what is the sclera

cornea is attached to this layer. layer is grayish shiny and fibrous

what is the vitreous humor

eye jelly

what is the optic disk

where optic nerves leave eye

what allows for nigh vision (and makes animal eyes look like glowing at night)

tapetum lucidum

what is the iris

part of choroid, muscula diaphragm to regulate light passing through lens of retina

what allows eyes to focus

ciliary body muscles

what is the function of the lens

biconvex structure that refracts light passing through it

what are the three membranes that surround the brain

cranial meninges (dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater)

what is the order of the brain membranes

dura mater fused to skull, arachnoid in middle, pia mater is innermost membrane

what secretes cerebral spinal fluid

choroid plexus

what are the anterior ends of the cerebrum

frontal lobes

what are the caudal ends of the cerebrum

occipital lobes

what are the lateral segments of the cerebrum

temporal lobes

what separates lobes of cerebrum

cerebral fissure

what are the ridges of the brain called

gyri

what are the fissures of the brain

sulci

what connects the two lobes of the cerebrum

corpus callosum

what is the function of the pineal body

suppresses puberty until body is physiologically ready

what is the function of the habenular trigone

olefactory center

what is the function of the superior colliculi

eye reflex

what is the function of the inferior colliculi

auditory reflex

what does the cerabellum consist of

two cerabellar hemispheres and a vermis

what are the olfactory bulbs

elongated bodies in the ethmoid fossae of interior of the skull

what are the 2 olefactory tracts

lateral and medial olefactory tracts

what is the floor of the diencephalon made of

hypothalamus

what is x-shaped and located between the cranial ends of the pyriform lobes

optic chiasma

what is the middle olfactory tract

v shaped area between medial and lateral olfactory tracts

what do things pass through to get into the substance of the hemispheres of the brain

anterior perforated substance

what are the mammillary bodies

rounded elevations marking caudal end of hypothalmus

what are cerebral peduncles

columns that form ventrolateral surface of mesencephalon that go into the pons

where do blood vessels enter the brain from

posterior perforated substance

what is the pons

fibers to connect cerebral cortex and cerabellum

what are the pyramids

two longitudinal fiber bands

how many cranial nerves does a sheep brain have

how do cranial and spinal nerves differ

cranial nerves are not distributed uniformly

what nerves are found in the olfactory bulb

olfactory nerves

what nerves are found in the optic chiasma

optic nerves

what nerves are found in the peduncles

oculomotor nerves

what nerves arise from the mesencephalon in front of the base of the cerabellum

trochlear nerves

what is the largest of the cranial nerves arising from the pons

trigeminal nerves

what nerves inervate the forehead, eyes, and nose

ophthalmic nerves

what nerves inervate the upper teeth

maxillary nerves

what nerves inervate the lower jaw

mandibular nerve

what nerve is found between the pons and the trapezoid body

abducens nerve

what nerves give sensory to the tongue, face, and head

facial nerves

what nerves goes through the spine

cochlear nerve

what nerve goes through the jugular

glossaphyngeal nerve

what nerve is the longest of the nerves

vagus nerve

what nerve is responsible for breating

vagus nerve and the spinal accessory nerve

what nerve goes into the neck muscles

hypoglossal nerve

what is the curved band in the middle of the cerebral hemispheres

corpus callosum

what represents a major efferent pathway from the hippocampus to the lower brain stem center

fornix

what is the lamina terminalis

thin layer of gray matter

what is the septum pellucidum

vertical sheet of fibrous tissue

what two things make up the epithalamus

pineal body and habunular trigone

what structures are paired forming lateral walls of third ventricle

thalami

what connects the diencephalon and the mesencephalon

posterior commissure

what is the third ventricle

cavity of the diencephalon

under which ventricle can you find the medulla oblongata

under the 4th ventricle