Catabolism & Chemoorganotrophy

Question 1

What is the purpose of Catabolism?

Answer 1

Allows bacteria to get ATP to use for energy and biosynthesis

Question 2

What are the 3 processes that are used to turn glucose into ATP?

Answer 2

Aerobic & anaerobic respiration and fermentation

Question 3

What is the purpose of Glycolysis?

Answer 3

To break down glucose for both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Question 4

T/F many of the steps in glycolysis are bi-directional

Answer 4

True - can be used to create specific precursors to be used in other cell functions

Question 5

Define Amphibolic

Answer 5

able to perform catabolism and anabolism

Question 6

T/F Glycolysis only begins with glucose?

Answer 6

False - b/c its bi-directional the cycle can pick up where ever when necessary

Question 7

What is Gluconeogenesis?

Answer 7

Reverse process of glycolysis - produces glucose or other metabolites

Question 8

What is the Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway?

Answer 8

It is used for glucose & sugar acid (in some microorganisms) breakdown - NOT in Eukaryotes

Question 9

Is the ED pathway aerobic or anaerobic?

Answer 9

It can function in either environment

Question 10

What is the Pentose Phosphate pathway?

Answer 10

Produces precursor metabolites not produced in EMP/ED via catabolism

Question 11

Does the PPP occur in Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes?

Answer 11

Both

Question 12

Does the PPP need oxygen to function?

Answer 12

It functions both aerobically and anaerobically

Question 13

What molecules does the TCA cycle produce?

Answer 13

NADH, FADH2, ATP/GTP and precursor molecules

Question 14

T/F The TCA cycle is aerobic only

Answer 14

False - can function in aerobic or anaerobic conditions

Question 15

What is the modified version of the TCA cycle called?

Answer 15

Glyoxylate bypass

Question 16

What does the Glyoxylate bypass used for?

Answer 16

Does not release the CO2 as a product but keeps the C for later biosynthesis

Question 17

Where are the two possible sources for pyruvate in the TCA cycle?

Answer 17

Glycolysis or Amino/Fatty acids

Question 18

Which of the cycles/chains regenerates NAD+/NADP+?

Answer 18

ETC or Fermentation

Question 19

What is the importance of NAD+/NADP+? What does it power?

Answer 19

EMP, ED & PP

Question 20

How is all ATP made?

Answer 20

Phosphate level phosphorylation

Question 21

What makes Fermentation different?

Answer 21

there is no ETC or terminal electron acceptor

Question 22

Instead of a terminal electron acceptor what does fermentation use to grab electrons?

Answer 22

Endogenous electron acceptor to help with NAD+ regeneration