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1
Q

Kinetic Theory of matter

A

all matter is made up of very small particles (atoms and molecules) that are in constant motion, if you add energy to the molecules they will move faster with more energy

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2
Q

Brownian motion

A

Random movement of microscopic particles suspended in a liquid or gas, caused by collisions between these particles and molecules of the liquid or gas

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3
Q

Diffusion

A

Passive movement of a substance from an areas of high to low concentration of the substance

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4
Q

Passive transport

A

diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion

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5
Q

tonicity

A

difference in concentration of solutes on both sides of cell membrane

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6
Q

Solution

A

solvent (does dissolving) + solute (is dissolved)

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7
Q

dissolving

A

occurs through dissociation where solutes dissolve in water molecules because each solute particle becomes surrounded by water molecules

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8
Q

osmosis

A

passive movement of free water molecules from an area of high to low number, through a selectively permeable membrane

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9
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

passive movement of a substance from an area of high to low concentration through membrane proteins

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10
Q

hypotonic solution

A

less solute concentration, more free water molecules

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11
Q

hyperonic

A

more solute concentration, less free water molecules

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12
Q

isotonic

A

both solutions have equal solute concentration

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13
Q

sodium potassium pump

A

movement of sodium and potassium in and out of cell membrane

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14
Q

bulk transport - endocytosis

A

cell membrane surrounds and engulfs the material and pinches off a vesicle into the cell. Phagocytosis - eating. Pinocytosis - drinking

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15
Q

bulk transport - exocytosis

A

vesicle inside cell containing wastes or cell products fuses with cell membrane, secreting contents out of cell

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16
Q

concentration gradient

A

high = faster diffusion. low = slower diffusion

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17
Q

nutrition

A

process by which organisms obtain substances they need to live and grow

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18
Q

organic nutrients

A

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acid

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19
Q

charbohydrates

A

mono, di and poly saccharides (source, storage of energy)

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20
Q

Lipids (fats)

A

triglycerides made of a glycerol and 3 fatty acid monomers (padding, insulation, warmth)

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21
Q

proteins

A

amino acid monomers joined by peptide bonds (polypeptide chain)

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22
Q

nucleic acid

A

made from monomer subunits nucleotides (code for production of DNA)

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23
Q

nutrients

A

nutritional components in food that an organism utilises to survive and grow

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24
Q

essential nutrients

A

unable to be made internally, must be consumed

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25
non-essential nutrients
nutrients that can be made by the body
26
mitochondria inner membrane
cristae
27
chloroplast third membrane
thylakoid discs in granum (plural grana)
28
collision theory
for an chemical reaction to occur, the reactants must collide with enough energy for chemical bonds to be broken and re-formed to make products
29
catalyst
substance that speeds up a chemical (metabolic) reaction
30
biological catalyst
enzyme
31
catabolic
breaks down larger more complex molecules
32
anabolic
synthesises more complex molecules
33
globular shapes
a folded enzyme
34
active site
where substance fits into enzyme
35
substrate
substance that fits into active site
36
enzyme action
when enzyme and substrate collide
37
enzyme substrate complex
structure of enzyme and substrate
38
properties of enzymes
proteins, biological catalysts, work in reverse direction, specific, can be re-used, can be denatured
39
activation energy
amount of energy needed for the reaction to go forward and get over its activation barrier
40
metabolic pathway
result of products being used as reactants of another reaction
41
Denatured
enzyme shape is disrupted, active site and substrate are no longer complimentary
42
limiting factor
when concentration is enough for all active sites to be used
43
inhibitor
molecules that interact with enzyme to prevent it from working in the normal manner
44
Cell requirements
Movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion and nutrition
45
energy
the capacity to do work or produce change
46
heterotrophs
(consumers) organisms that get their energy by consuming other organisms as food
47
autotrophs
(producers) organisms capable of making their own food
48
photosynthesis
a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms activities
49
cellular respiration
glucose in cells is turned into available energy using energy carrying molecule called ATP
50
Matter
Nutrients and gases required by living organisms
51
excretion
the removal of waste products of cellular metabolism
52
prokaryotic cells
'pro' - before, 'karyo' - nucleus
53
eukaryotic cells
'eu' - true, 'karyo' - nucleus
54
endosymbiotic theory
explains evolution of prokaryotic cells to eukaryotic cells
55
organelles
any number of organised structures within a living cell
56
cell membrane
controls exit/entry of materials to cell
57
nucleus
contains genetic information, controls overall functioning of cell
58
cytoplasm
all material in the cell between the nucleus and cell membrance
59
cytosol
liquid/gel portion of cytoplasm. cellular fluid with dissolved proteins, salts, sugars and other sources
60
endoplasmic reticulum
creation/storage of lipids/hormones (smooth) and the synthesis and packaging of proteins (rough)
61
golgi apparatus
modifying/sorting of proteins, transport lipids around cell
62
mitochondria
produces energy for metabolism
63
lysosome
digestion and waste
64
ribosome
makes proteins
65
vacuole
storage center
66
Fluid Mosaic model
describes the membrane structure of all cells. made of phospholipid bilayer. Fluid because all parts are floating and moving around in membrane. Mosaic because proteins are embedded in membrane
67
specialised cells
cells that have a particular structure and shape that help perform a specific function
68
light dependent process
a series of reactions occurring during photosynthesis that require light energy to be converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH
69
light independent process
a series of reactions occurring during photosynthesis in which glucose in made from carbon dioxide
70
light intensity
brightness of light
71
anaerobic respiration
the incomplete breakdown of glucose in absence of oxygen. glycolysis to fermentation
72
aerobic respiration
the complete breakdown of glucose in presence of oxygen. Glycolysis to krebs cycle to electron transport chain

Biology (10 decks)

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