CC1: ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES AND ISTRUMENTATION

Question 1

Which type of electromagnetic radiation has the shortest wavelength?
A) Infrared
B) Ultraviolet
C) X-rays
D) Radio waves

Answer 1

C) X-rays

Question 2

What is the unit commonly used for measuring wavelength in spectrophotometry?
A) Angstrom (Å)
B) Millimeters (mm)
C) Kilometers (km)
D) Decibels (dB)

Answer 2

A) Angstrom (Å)

Question 3

What is the principle of Beer-Lambert’s Law?
A) Wavelength is proportional to transmittance
B) Absorbance is directly proportional to concentration
C) Frequency is independent of energy
D) Longer wavelengths have higher energy

Answer 3

B) Absorbance is directly proportional to concentration

Question 4

Which lamp is used as a light source for the UV region in spectrophotometry?
A) Tungsten lamp
B) Mercury vapor lamp
C) Deuterium lamp
D) Sodium lamp

Answer 4

C) Deuterium lamp

Question 5

Which component of a spectrophotometer isolates a specific wavelength of light?
A) Light source
B) Monochromator
C) Detector
D) Cuvette

Answer 5

B) Monochromator

Question 6

Which gas is commonly used in flame emission spectrophotometry?
A) Oxygen
B) Acetylene
C) Helium
D) Nitrogen

Answer 6

B) Acetylene

Question 7

What does turbidimetry measure?
A) The amount of scattered light
B) The amount of light blocked by a suspension
C) The intensity of emitted light
D) The charge of ions in solution

Answer 7

B) The amount of light blocked by a suspension

Question 8

What is the primary function of the cuvette in spectrophotometry?
A) To detect light intensity
B) To hold the sample solution
C) To generate a wavelength
D) To amplify signal detection

Answer 8

B) To hold the sample solution

Question 9

Which of the following wavelengths corresponds to red light?
A) 200-300 nm
B) 450-500 nm
C) 600-700 nm
D) 800-900 nm

Answer 9

C) 600-700 nm

Question 10

Which chromatography technique separates substances based on their molecular size?
A) Ion-exchange chromatography
B) Gel chromatography
C) Gas chromatography
D) Paper chromatography

Answer 10

B) Gel chromatography

Question 11

What does a potentiometer measure?
A) Light emission
B) Voltage difference
C) Electric current
D) Molecular weight

Answer 11

B) Voltage difference

Question 12

Which electrophoresis technique uses a cellulose acetate strip as a medium?
A) Starch gel electrophoresis
B) Agarose gel electrophoresis
C) Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
D) Cellulose acetate electrophoresis

Answer 12

D) Cellulose acetate electrophoresis

Question 13

Which internal standard is commonly used in flame emission spectrophotometry?
A) Sodium
B) Lithium
C) Magnesium
D) Iron

Answer 13

B) Lithium

Question 14

Which technique measures the amount of fluorescence emitted after a molecule absorbs light?
A) Fluorimetry
B) Spectrophotometry
C) Chromatography
D) Amperometry

Answer 14

A) Fluorimetry

Question 15

What is the main principle of atomic absorption spectrophotometry?
A) Measures the amount of light emitted
B) Measures the absorption of light by neutral atoms
C) Measures ion separation in an electric field
D) Measures the heat generated by a reaction

Answer 15

B) Measures the absorption of light by neutral atoms

Question 16

Which component in spectrophotometry prevents unwanted scattered light?
A) Exit slit
B) Entrance slit
C) Prism
D) Detector

Answer 16

B) Entrance slit

Question 17

Which electrode technique measures pH and electrolyte concentration?
A) Coulometry
B) Amperometry
C) Potentiometry
D) Conductometry

Answer 17

C) Potentiometry

Question 18

Which analytical technique is commonly used in hematology for cell counting?
A) Chromatography
B) Nephelometry
C) Flow cytometry
D) Fluorimetry

Answer 18

C) Flow cytometry

Question 19

Which supporting medium is used in paper chromatography?
A) Silica gel
B) Glass beads
C) Cellulose paper
D) Polyacrylamide gel

Answer 19

C) Cellulose paper

Question 20

What is the purpose of the hollow cathode lamp in atomic absorption spectrophotometry?
A) Provides a specific wavelength for the metal being analyzed
B) Increases sample temperature
C) Measures voltage difference
D) Enhances fluorescence detection

Answer 20

A) Provides a specific wavelength for the metal being analyzed

Question 21

(T or F) The shorter the wavelength, the higher the energy of light.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

(T/F) Fluorimetry measures the amount of scattered light.

Answer 22

False (It measures fluorescence emission.)

Question 23

(T/F) Gel chromatography separates substances based on their molecular weight.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

(T/F) Ion-exchange chromatography separates compounds based on size.

Answer 24

False (It separates based on charge.)

Question 25

(T/F) Atomic absorption spectrophotometry is mainly used to measure metals like calcium and magnesium.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

(T/F) Longer wavelengths correspond to higher frequencies.

Answer 26

False (Longer wavelengths correspond to lower frequencies.)

Question 27

(T/F) The entrance slit in a spectrophotometer prevents stray light from entering the monochromator.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Tungsten lamps are commonly used for the UV region in spectrophotometry.

Answer 28

False (Deuterium lamps are used for UV.)

Question 29

Nephelometry measures light transmitted through a sample.

Answer 29

False (It measures scattered light.)

Question 30

In potentiometry, an electrode potential is used to determine ion concentration.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

Chromatography is used only for liquid samples.

Answer 31

False (It can be used for gases too.)

Question 32

Flow cytometry is commonly used in CBC tests.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Amperometry measures current flow when a constant voltage is applied.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

An increase in ionic strength increases the rate of migration in electrophoresis.

Answer 34

False (Higher ionic strength slows migration.)

Question 35

Beer-Lambert’s law states that absorbance is inversely proportional to concentration.

Answer 35

False (Absorbance is directly proportional to concentration.)

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT a type of chromatography? A) Gas chromatography B) Paper chromatography C) Gel filtration chromatography D) Nephelometry

Answer 36

Answer: D) Nephelometry

Question 37

What does electrophoresis primarily separate molecules based on? A) Size and charge B) Absorption of light C) Wavelength emission D) pH level

Answer 37

Answer: A) Size and charge

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a detector used in spectrophotometry? A) Photomultiplier tube B) Hollow cathode lamp C) Barrier layer cell D) Photoemission tube

Answer 38

Answer: B) Hollow cathode lamp

Question 39

Which wavelength range corresponds to ultraviolet (UV) light? A) 10-400 nm B) 400-700 nm C) 700-1000 nm D) 1000-2000 nm

Answer 39

Answer: A) 10-400 nm

Question 40

Which component in spectrophotometry holds the sample solution? A) Detector B) Cuvette C) Monochromator D) Light source

Answer 40

B) Cuvette

Question 41

What is the primary principle of gas chromatography? A) Separation based on molecular weight B) Separation based on charge C) Separation based on volatility D) Separation based on fluorescence

Answer 41

Answer: C) Separation based on volatility

Question 42

What is the purpose of a diffraction grating in a spectrophotometer? A) Absorbs unwanted light B) Converts light energy into electrical energy C) Separates white light into different wavelengths D) Measures the concentration of a solution

Answer 42

Answer: C) Separates white light into different wavelengths

Question 43

Which supporting medium is commonly used in electrophoresis? A) Silica gel B) Polyacrylamide gel C) Cellulose acetate D) Both B and C

Answer 43

Answer: D) Both B and C

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT a type of spectrophotometry? A) Flame emission spectrophotometry B) Atomic absorption spectrophotometry C) Fluorometry D) Conductometry

Answer 44

Answer: D) Conductometry

Question 45

Which type of chromatography separates substances based on their solubility? A) Ion-exchange chromatography B) Partition chromatography C) Gas chromatography D) Thin-layer chromatography

Answer 45

Answer: B) Partition chromatography

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT a component of a spectrophotometer? A) Light source B) Monochromator C) Electrophoresis chamber D) Detector

Answer 46

Answer: C) Electrophoresis chamber

Question 47

What is the role of the stationary phase in chromatography? A) To act as a support for the separation process B) To vaporize the sample C) To emit light energy D) To convert the sample into ions

Answer 47

Answer: A) To act as a support for the separation process

Question 48

Which analytical technique is used to measure the charge of an ion by measuring its electrical conductivity? A) Conductometry B) Potentiometry C) Coulometry D) Nephelometry

Answer 48

Answer: A) Conductometry

Question 49

What happens to electrons in flame emission spectrophotometry? A) They absorb energy and move to a higher state, then emit light when returning to ground state B) They are dissolved in a solvent for analysis C) They are separated based on charge D) They form chemical bonds with other atoms

Answer 49

Answer: A) They absorb energy and move to a higher state, then emit light when returning to ground state

Question 50

Which of the following factors affects fluorescence intensity? A) Concentration of fluorophore B) Wavelength of absorbed light C) Temperature D) All of the above

Answer 50

Answer: D) All of the above