CC5 ionic bonding

Question 1

How are ions formed?

Answer 1

Electrons are lost or gained from atoms to form positive cations or negative anions.

Question 2

How can the number of subatomic particles in an ion be calculated?

Answer 2

number of protons = atomic number
number of electrons = atomic number - electrons lost or gained
number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number

Question 3

what are ions?

Answer 3

Ions are atoms that have lost or gained electrons

Question 4

state the difference between a cation and an anion?

Answer 4

cations- metal atoms that lose electrons and form positive ions

anions - non-metal atoms that gain electrons and form negative ions

Question 5

what is happening to the atoms when they form ions?

Answer 5

they lose or gain an electron

Question 6

what holds the ions together in an ionic bond?

Answer 6

strong electrostatic forces of attraction

Question 7

what is the symbol for an ion?

Answer 7

+/- on top of an atom

Question 8

properties of ionic compounds

Answer 8

-high melting + boiling points
-soluble in water
- conduct electricity when dissolved in water or when melted

Question 9

what is an ionic bond?

Answer 9

a chemical bonding that involves electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 10

how is an element’s electrons arrangement linked to its position in the periodic table?

Answer 10

Group number tells you how many electrons in outer shell.
Period number tells you how many shells it has.

Question 11

how do positive and negative charges affect each other?

Answer 11

cancel each other out/attract each other

Question 12

which sub-atomic particles of atoms take part in chemical reactions?

Answer 12

electrons

Question 13

name how many outer electrons groups 1-7

Answer 13

group 1 = 1
group 2 = 2
group 3 = 3
group 4 = 4
group 5 = 5
group 6 = 6
group 7 = 7

Question 14

name how many electrons are lost or gained in groups 1,2,6,7

Answer 14

group 1 = lost 1
group 2 = lost 2
group 6 = gain 2
group 7 = gain 1

Question 15

name the charge of the ion in groups 1,2,6,7

Answer 15

group 1 = 1+
group 2 = 2+
group 6 = 2-
group 7 = 1-

Question 16

name one example atom for groups 1,2,6,7

Answer 16

group 1 = Li+
group 2 = Ca2+
group 6 = S2-
group 7 = F-

Question 17

what is an ionic lattice

Answer 17

many strong ionic bonds consisting of cations and anions packed together in a regular repeating arrangement

Question 18

what do the endings -ide and -ate tell you about a substance

Answer 18

ide = name ending of the non-metal ion is changed when in two-element compounds

ate= ion contains oxygen as well as another element

Question 19

write the formula for:
- sodium carbonate
- ammonium sulfate

Answer 19

• Na2CO3
  (NH4)2SO4

Question 20

what particles and forces are present in ionic compounds?

Answer 20

Ions and strong electrostatic forces of attraction

Question 21

why do ionic compounds have high melting points and boiling points?

Answer 21

a lot of energy is needed to overcome these strong electrostatic forces of attraction to separate the ions and cause the substance to melt

Question 22

why do ionic compounds conduct electricity when they are liquids or dissolved in water but not when they are solids?

Answer 22

ionic compounds do not conduct electricity in the solid state = ions are not free to move from place to place.
when ionic compound is molten or dissolved in water = ions are free to move and carry a charge so it conducts electricity.

Question 23

state the type of particles present in an ionic compound

Answer 23

ions

Question 24

State the type of forces found in an ionic bond

Answer 24

strong electostatic forces of attraction