Cell Biochemistry And Structure Flashcards
1
Q
What does pH stand for?
A
Percent hydrogen
2
Q
Percent hydrogen
A
pH
3
Q
What is the pH scale used for?
A
Describe whether a solution is acidic or basic
4
Q
Describe whether a solution is acidic or basic
A
pH scale
5
Q
Numbers that represent something acidic
A
0-6.9
6
Q
0-6.9
A
Acidic
7
Q
Numbers that represent something basic
A
7.1- 14
8
Q
7.1- 14
A
Basic
9
Q
Numbers that represent something neutral
A
7
10
Q
7
A
Neutral
11
Q
Atom
A
Basic unit of matter
12
Q
Basic unit of matter
A
Atom
13
Q
What are atoms composed of
A
Nucleus, protons, neutrons, electrons
14
Q
Nucleus, protons, neutrons, electrons
A
Atom
15
Q
Protons
A
Positive charge
16
Q
Positive charge
A
Proton
17
Q
Neutron
A
No charge
18
Q
No charge
A
Neutron
19
Q
Electron
A
Negative charge
20
Q
Negative charge
A
Electrons
21
Q
Element
A
The basic form of any pure material
22
Q
The basic form of any pure material
A
Element
23
Q
Compound
A
A combination of two or more elements
24
Q
A combination of two or more elements
A
Compound
25
Monomer
Single subunit (can be combined to make larger molecules) BUILDING BLOCKS
26
Single subunit (can be combined to make larger molecules) BUILDING BLOCKS
Monomer
27
Polymer
A long chain of many monomers BUILDING BLOCKS
28
A long chain of many monomers BUILDING BLOCKS
Polymer
29
Macronutrients
Elements required in large amounts by all organisms
30
Elements required in large amounts by all organisms
Macronutrients
31
CHNOPS
Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur
32
Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur
CHNOPS
33
Micronutrients
Elements needed in small quantities (vitamins/nutrients)
34
Elements needed in small quantities (vitamins/nutrients)
Micronutrients
35
Organic compound
Compound made by a living organism
36
Compound made by a living organism
Organic compound
37
What do organic compounds always contain?
Carbon and hydrogen
| Often oxygen
38
Four major organic compounds
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
39
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Four major organic compounds
40
Monomer/subunit for carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
41
Monosaccharides
Monomer/subunit for carbohydrates
42
Monomer/subunit for lipids
Glycerol and fatty acids
43
Glycerol and fatty acids
Monomer/subunit for lipids
44
Monomer/subunit for proteins
Amino acids
45
Amino acids
Monomer/subunit for proteins
46
Monomer/subunit for nucleic acids
Nucleotides
47
Nucleotides
Monomer/subunit for nucleic acids
48
Proteins elements
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur
CHNOS
49
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur
CHNOS
Proteins
50
Protein example
Enzymes
51
Enzymes are
Proteins
52
Protein functions
Structure, cell communication, control chemical reaction rates, fight diseases
53
Structure, cell communication, control chemical reaction rates, fight diseases
Protein functions
54
Carbohydrates monomer
Monosaccharides
55
Monosaccharides
Carbohydrates monomer
56
Protein monomer
Amino acids
57
Amino acids
Protein monomer
58
Elements in carbohydrates and ratio
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (1:2:1)
CHO
59
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (1:2:1)
Elements in carbohydrates and ratio
60
Example of carbohydrates
Glucose and starch
61
Glucose and starch
Example of carbohydrates
62
Carbohydrates function
Energy, plant cell walls, animal starch
63
Energy, plant cell walls, animal starch
Carbohydrates function
64
Lipids monomer
Fatty acids and glycerol
65
Fatty acids and glycerol
Lipids monomer
66
Elements of lipids
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
CHO
67
Lipids in water
Insoluble (not able to be dissolved)
68
Insoluble (not able to be dissolved)
Lipids in water
69
Lipids example
Fats, oils, waxes, steroids
70
Fats, oils, waxes, steroids
Lipids example
71
Lipids function
Stored energy, regulation of reproductive system
72
Stored energy, regulation of reproductive system
Lipids function
73
Nucleic acid elements
CHNOP
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus
74
CHNOP
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus
Nucleic acid elements
75
Lipids that store energy
Fats
76
Fats
Lipids that store energy
77
Nucleic acid examples
DNA and RNA
78
DNA and RNA
Nucleic acid examples
79
Function of nucleic acids
Store genetic information (traits, protein synthesis, enzymes)
80
Store genetic information (traits, protein synthesis, enzymes)
Function of nucleic acids
81
What do enzymes do
Speed up chemical reactions
82
Speed up chemical reactions
Enzymes
83
Substrate
The reactant an enzyme works on
84
The reactant an enzyme works on
Substrate
85
Product
A molecule that is created by the enzyme (can join or split)
86
A molecule that is created by the enzyme (can join or split)
Product
87
Cellular respiration
Conversion of chemical energy into usable energy (ATP)
88
Conversion of chemical energy into usable energy (ATP)
Cellular respiration
89
In order to survive, all organisms must carry out
Enzyme controlled reactions
90
Enzymes are a
Protein
