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Genetics Flashcards

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1
Q

Male part of a plant that creates pollen (plant sperm) {stamen}

Long tubes

A

Anther

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2
Q

Ovary in plants

A

Holds and releases seeds (plant eggs)

Middle part

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3
Q

Check plant structure diagram

A

-

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4
Q

What is pollen

A

Plant sperm

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5
Q

Stigma

A

Sticky pollen trap

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6
Q

Holds and releases seeds (plant eggs)

Middle part

A

Ovary in plants

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7
Q

Anther

A

Male part of a plant that creates pollen (plant sperm) {stamen}

Long tubes

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8
Q

Seed needs moisture, temperatures, and some soil nutrients

A

Germination

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9
Q

Monohybrid crosses

A

Crossing that involves a one trait difference

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10
Q

Why have colorful flowers and give off sweet smells?

A

Attract pollinators

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11
Q

Germination

A

Seed needs moisture, temperatures, and some soil nutrients

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12
Q

Crossing that involves a one trait difference

A

Monohybrid crosses

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13
Q

True breeding

A

Offspring only displays one form of the trait being tested

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14
Q

Offspring only displays one form of the trait being tested

A

True breeding

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15
Q

Inheritance

A

For each character/trait there are two copies of the gene (one from each parent)

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16
Q

For each character/trait there are two copies of the gene (one from each parent)

A

Inheritance

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17
Q

Different versions of the gene

A

Alleles

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18
Q

Dominant traits

A

If two different alleles are present, the trait that is expressed is the dominant trait

Capital letter

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19
Q

Sticky pollen trap

A

Stigma

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20
Q

If two different alleles are present, the trait that is expressed is the dominant trait

Capital letter

A

Dominant trait

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21
Q

Recessive trait

A

Trait not expressed when dominant form is present

Lowercase

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22
Q

Trait not expressed when dominant form is present

Lowercase

A

Recessive trait

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23
Q

Could 2 brown eyed parents have a blue eyed baby?

A

Yes, if both parents are heterozygous Bb

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24
Q

Alleles of different genes separate independently of one another

Ex pea color and pea shape

A

Law of independent assortment

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25
Could 2 blue eyed parents have a brown eyed baby
No , you can only be homozygous recessive (bb)
26
Genotype
Set of alleles an individual has Bb BB bb
27
Set of alleles an individual has Bb BB bb
Genotype
28
Traits that are carried on the X or Y chromosome (mainly on X)
Sex linked traits
29
Two copies of the same gene PP pp
Homozygous
31
DIFFERENT genes of a trait Pp Dominant trait will be observable if an individual is heterozygous
Heterozygous
32
Alleles
Different versions of the gene
33
Observable characteristics (what you look like)
Phenotype
34
Law of segregation
Alleles separate when gametes are formed during meiosis If segregation fails in humans —> extra chromosomes cause different disorders or non viable fetus
35
Alleles separate when gametes are formed during meiosis If segregation fails in humans —> extra chromosomes cause different disorders or non viable fetus
Law of segregation
36
Amniocentesis
Needle is used to remove amniotic fluid that surrounds fetus
37
Needle is used to remove amniotic fluid that surrounds fetus
Amniocentesis
38
Down syndrome
Extra 21st chromosome
39
Extra 21st chromosome
Down syndrome
40
Linked traits
Traits that are inherited together because they are close to each other on the same chromosome Violates the law of independent assortment Red hair and freckles
41
Law of independent assortment
Alleles of different genes separate independently of one another Ex pea color and pea shape
42
Traits that are inherited together because they are close to each other on the same chromosome Violates the law of independent assortment Red hair and freckles
Linked traits
43
Corn seedlings grown in the dark appear white. After being exposed to sunlight, the same seedlings turn green. The whiteness of these seedlings was most probably due to...
The environment
44
Sex linked traits
Traits that are carried on the X or Y chromosome (mainly on X)
45
Test cross
Cross the unknown with a homozygous recessive because if the organism shows the recessive trait it must be homozygous Unknown dominant X Known homozygous phenotype (BB or Bb) recessive (bb)
46
Homozygous
Two copies of the same gene PP pp
46
Heterozygous
DIFFERENT genes of a trait Pp Dominant trait will be observable if an individual is heterozygous
47
Cross the unknown with a homozygous recessive because if the organism shows the recessive trait it must be homozygous Unknown dominant X Known homozygous phenotype (BB or Bb) recessive (bb)
Test cross
48
Polygenic inheritance
Traits influenced by more than one gene Difficult to determine exact outcomes with these traits Eye color, skin color
49
Traits influenced by more than one gene Difficult to determine exact outcomes with these traits Eye color, skin color
Polygenic inheritance
50
Incomplete dominance
Phenotype is an intermediate between the two parents. Ex- wavy hair by straight hair and curly haired parents
51
Phenotype is an intermediate between the two parents. Ex- wavy hair by straight hair and curly haired parents
Incomplete dominance
52
The individual with the condition will have at least one parent with the condition
Autosomal dominant
53
See pedigree symbols
-
54
Blood type alleles
I^a I^b i
55
i allele
Blood type O
55
Blood type A
I^a
56
Blood type B
I^b
58
I^b
Blood type B
59
Blood type O
i allele
59
Is blood type A or B dominant
None they are codominant
60
Could a mother that is type a and a father that is type b have a type o baby
Yes Dad I^b i Mom I^a i
61
What can affect traits
Environment Ph
62
Pedigrees
Family history that shows how a trait is inherited over several generations
63
Family history that shows how a trait is inherited over several generations
Pedigrees
65
Phenotype
Observable characteristics (what you look like)
66
Autosomal dominant
The individual with the condition will have at least one parent with the condition
67
I^a
Blood type A
68
Autosomal recessive
Individual can have two parents that are not affected, but they must then be heterozygous for the trait
69
Individual can have two parents that are not affected, but they must then be heterozygous for the trait
Autosomal recessive
70
Check a pedigree
-
71
Sickle cell anemia
Recessive trait Poor blood circulation because mutated produces defective hemoglobin and red blood cells are sickle shaped
72
Recessive trait Poor blood circulation because mutated produces defective hemoglobin and red blood cells are sickle shaped Common in African ancestors
Sickle cell anemia
73
Heterozygous sickle cell anemia
Provides advantage from malaria Sickle cell individuals have both normal red blood cells and sickle cells. Cause the death of malaria
74
Hemophilia
Sex linked recessive trait Blood fails to clot and small cuts can be deadly
75
Sex linked recessive trait Blood fails to clot and small cuts can be deadly
Hemophilia
76
Provides advantage from malaria Sickle cell individuals have both normal red blood cells and sickle cells. Cause the death of malaria
Heterozygous sickle cell anemia
77
Autosomal recessive
Individual can have two parents that are not affected, but they must then be heterozygous for the trait
78
Check a pedigree
-
79
Autosomal recessive
Individual can have two parents that are not affected, but they must then be heterozygous for the trait
80
Individual can have two parents that are not affected, but they must then be heterozygous for the trait
Autosomal recessive
81
Autosomal recessive
Individual can have two parents that are not affected, but they must then be heterozygous for the trait
82
Check a pedigree
-

Living Evironment (10 decks)

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