Cell Biology- PAPER 1 Flashcards
(37 cards)
What is the cytoplasm and what does it do?
Gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen. It contains enzymes that control these reactions.
What is the nucleus and what does it do?
Contains genetic material, including DNA, which controls the cell’s activities.
What is the cell membrane and what does it do?
Its structure is permeable to some substances but not to others. It therefore controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
What is the Mitochondria and what does it do?
Where most of the reactions for aerobic reactions take place.
What is the Ribosomes and what does it do?
Where proteins are made in the cell
What is the Chloroplast and what does it do?
where photosynthesis occurs. Contain a green substance called chlorophyll which absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis
What is the Cell wall and what does it do?
Made of cellulose. Supports the cell and strengths it
What is the Permanent vacuole and what does it do?
contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts
What are eukaryotic cells?
Complex cells e.g. animal and plant cells
What are prokaryotic cells?
Small and simple cells e.g. bacteria
What are eukaryotes?
Organisms that are made up of eukaryotic cells
What is a prokaryotic?
A prokaryotic cell (a single-celled organism)
If come across this card click and watch video (Microscopy)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vRNqshwPDe0
What is differentiation?
the process in which a cell changes to become specialised for its job
What is an example of a specialized cell and what it is specialized for?
Sperm cells- Reproduction
Nerve cells- Rapid signalling
muscle cells- Concentration
root hair cells- absorbing water and minerals
phloem and xylem cells- transporting substances
What are stem cells?
undifferentiated cells that can turn into any type of cell
Where are stem cells found?
early human embryos and bone marrow
What do normal microscopes allow us too see?
let us see things we cant see with the naked eye
What do light microscopes allow us too see?
light microscopes use light and lenses to form and image of a specimen and magnify it. Let us see individual cells and large sub cellular structures.
What do electron microscopes allow us too see?
Use electrons to form an image with a high resolution which allows us to see small things in lots of detail.
how do you calculate the magnification?
magnification = image size / real size
If come across this card click and watch video (microbiology practical)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BkbLI2mAMP8
Where are chromosomes?
In the nucleus’ genetic material
What are chromosmes?
coiled up lengths of DNA molecules
