Inheritance, Variation and Response- PAPER 2 Flashcards
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What does DNA contain?
coded information which make an organism work and determines your characteristics you inherit
What is a genome?
entire set of genetic material in an organism
What is a gene?
small section of DNA found on a chromosome
What does a gene do?
codes for a particular sequence of amino acids which are put together to make a specific protein
What is DNA made up of?
nucleotides
What do nucleotides consist of?
one sugar molecule, one phosphate molecule (backbone) and one base
What are the four different bases?
A, T, C, G
Which bases always pair together?
A and T
C and G
How do you describe the structure of DNA?
polymer made up of 2 strands (double helix)
What does sexual reproduction produce?
genetically different cells
What is sexual reproduction?
where genetic info from 2 organisms is combined to produce an offspring which is genetically different to either parent
How many chromosomes does a gamete have?
23
What does Asexual reproduction produce?
genetically identical cells
What is asexual reproduction?
where an offspring is produced that is genetically identical to the parent
What is meiosis?
a process which produces cells that have half the normal number of chromosomes
What is it called if an organism has two alleles for a particular gene that are the same?
homozygous
What is it called if an organism has two alleles for a particular gene that are different?
heterozygous
What is the dominant allele?
The one that determines the characteristics that are present
What is the recessive allele?
The one that does not determine the characteristics that are present
What is your genotype?
combination of what alleles you have
What is your phenotype?
where you alleles work at a molecular level to determine what characteristics you have
How is cystic fibrosis caused?
a recessive allele
What does cystic fibrosis cause?
body to produce lots of thick sticky mucus in air passages and pancreas
