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Biology > Inheritance, Variation and Response- PAPER 2 > Flashcards

Inheritance, Variation and Response- PAPER 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

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2
Q

What does DNA contain?

A

coded information which make an organism work and determines your characteristics you inherit

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3
Q

What is a genome?

A

entire set of genetic material in an organism

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4
Q

What is a gene?

A

small section of DNA found on a chromosome

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5
Q

What does a gene do?

A

codes for a particular sequence of amino acids which are put together to make a specific protein

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6
Q

What is DNA made up of?

A

nucleotides

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7
Q

What do nucleotides consist of?

A

one sugar molecule, one phosphate molecule (backbone) and one base

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8
Q

What are the four different bases?

A

A, T, C, G

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9
Q

Which bases always pair together?

A

A and T

C and G

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10
Q

How do you describe the structure of DNA?

A

polymer made up of 2 strands (double helix)

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11
Q

What does sexual reproduction produce?

A

genetically different cells

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12
Q

What is sexual reproduction?

A

where genetic info from 2 organisms is combined to produce an offspring which is genetically different to either parent

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13
Q

How many chromosomes does a gamete have?

A

23

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14
Q

What does Asexual reproduction produce?

A

genetically identical cells

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15
Q

What is asexual reproduction?

A

where an offspring is produced that is genetically identical to the parent

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16
Q

What is meiosis?

A

a process which produces cells that have half the normal number of chromosomes

17
Q

What is it called if an organism has two alleles for a particular gene that are the same?

A

homozygous

18
Q

What is it called if an organism has two alleles for a particular gene that are different?

A

heterozygous

19
Q

What is the dominant allele?

A

The one that determines the characteristics that are present

20
Q

What is the recessive allele?

A

The one that does not determine the characteristics that are present

21
Q

What is your genotype?

A

combination of what alleles you have

22
Q

What is your phenotype?

A

where you alleles work at a molecular level to determine what characteristics you have

23
Q

How is cystic fibrosis caused?

A

a recessive allele

24
Q

What does cystic fibrosis cause?

A

body to produce lots of thick sticky mucus in air passages and pancreas

25
Q

How is polydactyly caused?

A

a dominant allele

26
Q

What does polydactyly cause?

A

babies to be born with extra fingers and toes

27
Q

What happens when an embryo is screened for a genetic disorder?

A

removes a cell from each embryo and analyses its genes

28
Q

What are some arguments for embryonic screening?

A
  • stop people suffering
  • treating disorders cost government money
  • laws to stop it going too far

Biology (7 decks)

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