Ecology- PAPER 2

Question 1

What is a habitat?

Answer 1

place where organism lives

Question 2

What is a population?

Answer 2

all organism of one species living in a habitat

Question 3

What is a community?

Answer 3

the population of different species living in a habitat

Question 4

What is the definition of abiotic factors?

Answer 4

non living factors in an environment

Question 5

What is the definition of biotic factors?

Answer 5

living factors in an environment

Question 6

What is an ecosystem?

Answer 6

the interaction of a community of living organisms with non living parts of the environment

Question 7

What is interdependence?

Answer 7

where each species depends on other species for food, shelter, pollination and seed dispersal

Question 8

What are some examples of abiotic factors?

Answer 8

moisture level, light intensity, temperature, carbon dioxide level, wind intensity and direction, oxygen level, soil pH and mineral content

Question 9

What are some examples of biotic factors?

Answer 9

new predators arriving, competition, new pathogens, availability of food

Question 10

If come across this card click and watch video (quadrats and transects)

Answer 10

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2MW6nwf80XM

Question 11

What are the 4 stages of the water cycle?

Answer 11

evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation

Question 12

What is evaporation?

Answer 12

energy from the sun makes water evaporate from land and sea turning it into water vapour

Question 13

What is transpiration?

Answer 13

when water evaporates from plants

Question 14

What is condensation?

Answer 14

water vapour cools and condenses to form clouds

Question 15

What is precipitation?

Answer 15

water falls from clouds onto land (as either rain,snow or hail)

Question 16

What is decay?

Answer 16

when complex materials are broken down into more simple molecules which can then be reused

Question 17

What are examples of decomposers?

Answer 17

• bacteria

- fungi

Question 18

What are examples of detrivores?

Answer 18

-invertebrates

Question 19

What are some examples of factors that affect decay?

Answer 19

• temperature
• water availability
• oxygen availability
• number of decay organisms

Question 20

If come across this card click and watch video (decay)

Answer 20

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LeH5FUKSPzU

Question 21

How do gases in our atmosphere keep energy in?

Answer 21

act like an insulating layer, absorb most of the energy that would be radiated into space and re-radiate it in all directions

Question 22

What are the main greenhouse gases we worry about?

Answer 22

carbon dioxide and methane

Question 23

What are the consequences of global warming?

Answer 23

• sea levels rising
• changes in species distribution
• changes in migration patterns

Question 24

What are some ways we use land for?

Answer 24

• building
• quarrying
• farming
• dumping waste

Question 25

Why is destroying peat bogs bad?

Answer 25

lots of carbon is released

Question 26

What is peat used for?

Answer 26

- dried up and used for fuel | - compost

Question 27

What is a reason why not much biomass is passed up the food chain?

Answer 27

not every part of the organism that they are consuming is edible

Question 28

What is the % of biomass that is passed on to the next level?

Answer 28

10%

Question 29

How do you calculate the efficiency of biomass transfer?

Answer 29

next level efficiency= biomass transferred to the next level / biomass available at the previous level x 100

Question 30

What is food security?

Answer 30

having enough food to feed a population

Question 31

What are some factors affecting food security?

Answer 31

- world population increasing - certain foods have increased demand - pests and pathogens affect farming - high input costs - conflicts

Question 32

What are some ways fish stocks are conserved?

Answer 32

- fishing quotas | - net sizes