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Biology > Cell Organisation- PAPER 1 > Flashcards

Cell Organisation- PAPER 1 Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

If come across this card click and watch video (Food tests)

A

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SqWTJWOBww4

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2
Q

What does the heart do?

A

It pumps blood around the body

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3
Q

What are the names of the four chambers in the heart?

A

right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle

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4
Q

Where does the blood flow into the heart?

A

the pulmonary vein and vena cava

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5
Q

What are the steps for the blood going through the heart

A

1) blood flows into the two atria from the vena cava and the pulmonary vein
2) the atria contract, pushing the blood into the ventricles
3) the ventricles contract, forcing the blood into the pulmonary artery and the aorta, and out of the heart
4) the blood then flows to the organs through arteries, and returns through veins
5) the atria fills again and the whole cycle starts over

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6
Q

Where is the resting heart rate controlled?

A

group of cells in the right atrium which act as a pacemaker and produce a small electrical impulses that causes the surrounding muscle cells to contract

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7
Q

What are the 3 blood vessel types?

A

arteries, capillaries and veins

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8
Q

What is a group of similar cells called?

A

tissue

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9
Q

What is a group of different tissues called?

A

an organ

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10
Q

What is a group of organs?

A

Organ system

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11
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

a substance which increases the speed of reaction without being changed or used up in the reaction

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12
Q

What are enzymes made up of?

A

They are large proteins which are made up of chains of amino acids that are folded into unique shapes

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13
Q

What is the active site of an enzyme?

A

Region of an enzyme where the substrate attaches.

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14
Q

What is a substrate?

A

A substance on which enzymes act

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15
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

Proteins that act as biological catalysts, meaning they speed up reactions without being used up themselves

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16
Q

What are the correct conditions for an enzyme to work properly?

A
  • the right temperature

- the right pH

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17
Q

What happens to an enzyme if the temperature is too hot or the pH is too low or high?

A

The bonds break and the active site changes shape which means the substrate can no longer fit. This sis called denatured

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18
Q

How do you calculate the rate of reaction?

A

rate = 1000 / time

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19
Q

If come across this card click and watch video (effect of pH on enzymes)

A

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JyXXoevEWc8&t=30s

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20
Q

What do carbohydrases do?

A

Convert Carbohydrates into simple sugars

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21
Q

What do proteases do?

A

Convert proteins into amino acids

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22
Q

What do Lipases do?

A

Convert Lipids into Glycerol and fatty acids

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23
Q

What is the order of organs in the digestive system?

Study These Flashcards
A

tongue, salviary glands, gullet

24
Q

What do salivary glands do?

Study These Flashcards
A

produce amylase enzyme in the saliva

25
What does the stomach do?
- pummels the food with its muscular walls - produces the protease enzyme, pepsin - produces hydrochloric acid
26
What does the Liver do?
where bile is produced
27
What does the pancreas do?
produces protease, amylase and lipases enzymes. Releases these into small intestine
28
What does the gall bladder do?
where bile is stored before its released into the small intestine
29
What does the large intestine do?
where excess water is absorbed from the food
30
What does the small intestine do?
Where digested food is absorbed out of the digestive system into the blood
31
What does the rectum do?
where faeces is stored before released through the anus
32
what do the arteries do?
carry blood away from the heart
33
what do the capillaries do?
involved in the exchange of materials at the tssues
34
What do the veins do?
carry blood to the heart
35
Why are the walls of arteries strong and elastic?
close to the heart which means the blood is at a high pressure
36
How do you calculate the rate of blood flow?
rate of blood flow = volume of blood / number of mins
37
What is Coronary heart disease?
when the coronary arteries get blocked by layers of fatty material
38
What are stents?
tubes that are inserted into arteries which keeps them open
39
What does coronary heart disease cause?
arteries to become narrow which causes blood flow to be restricted and lack of oxygen to the heart- eventually causing a heart attack
40
What effect does a non- communicable disease have on someone lifestyle?
- shorter lifespan - worse quality of life - costs a lot to to care for the person - families have to change lifestyle - if person dies families income will be reduced
41
What is a communicable disease?
a disease that can spread from person to person or between animals and people
42
What is a non-communicable disease?
A disease that cannot spread between people or animals
43
What are some factors that affect people with non communicable diseases?
- smoking - poor diet - not enough exercise - drinking too much alcohol
44
What does epidermal tissue do?
covers the whole plant
45
What does palisade mesophyll tissue do?
Part of the leaf where most photosynthesis happens
46
What does the spongy mesophyll tissue do?
contains big air spaces to allow gases to diffuse in and out of the cell
47
What do the Xylem and phloem do?
transport things like water, mineral ions and food around the plant
48
What does the Meristem tissue do?
found a growing tips of shoots and roots and changes (differentiate) into different cells that allow the plant to grow
49
What does the waxy cuticle do?
Helps reduce water loss by evaporation
50
What does the stomata do?
little holes that which let carbon dioxide diffuse directly into the leaf
51
What do phloem tubes transport?
food substances made in the leaves to the rest of the plant for immediate use (this is called translocation)
52
What do xylem tubes transport?
Take water and mineral ions from the root to the stem and leaves (this is called the transpiration stream)
53
What is transpiration?
loss of water from the plant
54
What are the 4 main factors that affect transpiration?
- light intensity - temperature - air flow - humidity
55
What do guard cells do?
open and close stomatas

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