Cell Cycle and Mitosis

Question 1

G1 Phase

Answer 1

stage where cell receives growth signals to begin replication

Question 2

S Phase

Answer 2

all dna replicated. The longest part of the cell cycle.

Question 3

G2

Answer 3

Organelles and centrosomes are replicated.

Question 4

M Phase

Answer 4

Shortest phase of the cell

Includes in order: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, than cytokinesis which overlaps with telophase.

Question 5

Prophase

Answer 5

centrosomes spread to opposite poles of cell, DNA condenses into chromosomes, microtubular spindles form on centrosomes.

Question 6

metaphase

Answer 6

chromosomes line up STRAIGHT up to down, spindles attach to them. The chromosomes forming a line up to down is called a metaphase plate.

Question 7

anaphase

Answer 7

spindles that latched onto the chromosomes pull back, separating the chromosomes.

Question 8

telophase

Answer 8

nucleus re-develops over the chromosomes, spindles begin to disappear, centrosomes still on opposite sides.

Question 9

cytokinesis

Answer 9

a contractile ring is formed over the middle of the cell, almost pinching it together to split it. The “valley” formed from pinching the cell is called the cleavage furrow. In plant cells, a cell wall will instead be formed in the middle of the cell, separating the two cells.

Question 10

centrioles

Answer 10

two centrioles per centrosome. Think of centrioles as a bundle of microtubular spindles.

Question 11

chromosome

Answer 11

condensed DNA

Question 12

chromatin

Answer 12

Packs DNA into more condensed structures. In DNA, we can compare this to the string in a ball of yarn.

Question 13

replication

Answer 13

process of cell multiplying (G1, S, G2, M)

Question 14

chromatid

Answer 14

A chromosome usually looks like an X. This is actually two sister chromosomes, or chromatids, attached to two centrosomes.

Question 15

centromere

Answer 15

where microtubular spindles form in order to pull chromosomes apart in anaphase

Question 16

somatic cell

Answer 16

a non - sex cell. (basically every cell in body besides sperm and ova).

Question 17

gamete

Answer 17

a HAPLIOID (1n) cell that fuses with another gamete in sexual reproduction.

Question 18

diploid

Answer 18

a cell containing two sets of chromosomes. 2n = 46 is why humans humans have 46, otherwise it would be 23

Question 19

haploid

Answer 19

a cell containing one set of chromosomes. Not in human cells, but if it was it’d be n = 23.

Question 20

mitosis

Answer 20

the process of cell replication in somatic cells.