Define cell division.
The process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells.
What are the two main types of cell division?
Mitosis and meiosis.
True or false: Mitosis results in identical daughter cells.
TRUE
Mitosis is used for growth and repair in organisms.
Fill in the blank: Meiosis produces _______ cells.
Gametes
What is the purpose of mitosis?
To produce two identical cells for growth and repair.
Define chromosome.
A structure made of DNA and protein that contains genetic information.
How many chromosomes do humans have?
Humans have 46 chromosomes, arranged in 23 pairs.
True or false: Meiosis involves two rounds of division.
TRUE
This results in four non-identical gametes.
What is cytokinesis?
The final stage of cell division where the cytoplasm divides.
Fill in the blank: During interphase, the cell prepares for _______.
Division
Define sister chromatids.
Identical copies of a chromosome connected by a centromere.
What happens during prophase?
Chromosomes condense, and the nuclear envelope breaks down.
True or false: Anaphase is when chromosomes align in the center.
FALSE
Chromosomes are pulled apart during anaphase.
What is the role of spindle fibers?
To help separate chromosomes during cell division.
Fill in the blank: Telophase is when the nuclear envelope _______.
Reforms
Define haploid.
A cell with half the number of chromosomes, typical of gametes.
What is the difference between haploid and diploid?
Haploid cells have one set of chromosomes; diploid cells have two.
True or false: Crossing over occurs in mitosis.
FALSE
Crossing over occurs during meiosis, increasing genetic diversity.
What is fertilization?
The fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote.
Fill in the blank: Meiosis leads to genetic _______.
Variation
Define zygote.
The fertilized egg that results from the union of gametes.
What is the cell cycle?
The series of phases that a cell goes through to divide.
True or false: G1 phase is part of interphase.
TRUE
G1 phase is the first stage of interphase.
What occurs during the S phase?
DNA replication takes place, doubling the genetic material.
