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Biology-B2 > Cell Division And Inheritance > Flashcards

Cell Division And Inheritance Flashcards

1
Q

How do body cells devide?

A

By mitosis

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2
Q

What do chromosomes contain?

A

The genetic information

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3
Q

What occurs when a body cell divides by mitosis?

A

Copies of the genetic material are made

Then the cell divides once to form two genetically identical body cells

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4
Q

When does mitosis occur?

A

During growth or to produce replacement cells

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5
Q

How many set do gametes have?

A

One

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6
Q

What are gametes?

A

Sex cells

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7
Q

How are gametes formed?

A

Cells in reproductive organs
Testes and ovaries in humans
Divided to form gametes, when a cell divides to form gametes:
Copies of the genetic information are made
Then the cell divides twice to form four gametes, each which a single set of chromosomes

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8
Q

What is meiosis?

A

It is the type of cell division in which a cell divides to form gametes

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9
Q

What happen in meiosis?

A

Copies of the genetic information are made

Then the cell divides twice to form four gametes, each which a single set of chromosomes

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10
Q

What happens when gametes join at fertilisation?

A

A single body cell with new pairs of chromosomes is formed. A new individual then develops by this cell repeatedly dividing by mitosis

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11
Q

Differentiation in plants and animals.

A

Most this of animals cells differentiate at an early stage whereas many plant cells retain the ability to differentiate throughout life. In mature animals, cell division is mainly restricted to repair and replacement

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12
Q

What are stem cells?

A

They are cells in human embryos and adult bone marrow

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13
Q

What can stem cells be used for?

A

Can be used made to differentiate into many differ et types of cells
e.g. nerve cells

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14
Q

What are human stem cells able to do?

A

To develop into any kind of human cell

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15
Q

What may treatment with stem cells be able to help with?

A

Conditions such as paralysis

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16
Q

What are the cells of the offspring produced by and what do they contain?

A

They are produced by asexual reproduction are produced by mitosis from the parental cells. They contain the same alleles as the parents

17
Q

What does sexual reproduction give and why?

A

It gives variation because when gametes fuse, one of each pair of alleles comes from each parent

18
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes a in the human body and how many contain the genes that determine sex?

A

23 pairs

One of which carries the gene that determine sex

19
Q

What do female sex cells look like?

A

XX

20
Q

What do male sex cells look like?

A

XY

21
Q

What can some characteristic be determined by?

A

By a single gene

22
Q

What are alleles?

A

Different form of the same gene

e.g. eyes have different colours

23
Q

What is a dominate allele?

A

An allele that controls the development of a characteristics when it is presented on only one of the chromosomes

24
Q

What is a recessive allele?

A

An allele that control the development do characterises only of the dominate allele is not present

25
Q

What are chromosomes made up of?

A

Large molecule of DNA (A stands for acid) whichever has double helix structure

26
Q

What is a gene?

A

A small section of DNA

27
Q

What are special about genes?

A

Each gene codes for particular combination of amino acids which make a specific protein

28
Q

What does each person have (except identical twins)?

A

They have a unique DNA. This can be used to identify individuals in a process know as DNA

29
Q

How do you get some disorders?

A

They are inherited

30
Q

What is polydactyly and what is it cause by?

A

Having extra fingers or toes

It is causes by a dominant allele of a gene and can therefore be passed on by only one parent who has the disorder

31
Q

What is cystic fibrosis and how do you inherited it?

A

It is a disorder of cell membranes
It must by inherited by both parents. The parents may be carries of the disorder without actually having the disorder themselves. It is caused by a recessive allele of a gene and can therefore be passed on by parents, neither of whom had the disorder

32
Q

What is embryo screening?

A

It is when an embryo is screened for the alleles that cause genetic diorders

33
Q

In body cells how are chromosomes normally found?

A

In pairs

Biology-B2 (9 decks)

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