Protiens - Their Function And Uses

Question 1

What do proteins act as?

Answer 1

Structural components of tissues such as muscles
Hormones
Antibodies
Catalysts

Question 2

What to catalysts do?

Answer 2

They increase the rate of chemical reactions

Question 3

What are biological catalysts called?

Answer 3

Enzymes

Question 4

What are enzymes?

Answer 4

Proteins

Question 5

What is vital for the enzyme’s function?

Answer 5

It shape

Question 6

What may change the shape of the enzyme?

Answer 6

High temperature

Question 7

What pH values do enzymes work best in?

Answer 7

Different enzymes work best at different pH values

Question 8

Some enzymes work…..

Answer 8

Outside the body cells

Question 9

What to digestive enzymes do?

Answer 9

They pare produced by specialised cells in glands and in the lining of the gut. The enzymes then pass out of the cells into the gut where they come in contact with food molecules. They catalyse the breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules

Question 10

Where is the enzyme amylase produced and what does it do?

Answer 10

It is produced I’m the salivary glands, the pancreas and the small intestine. This enzyme catalysed the breakdown of starch into sugars in the mouth and small intestine

Question 11

Where is the protease enzyme produce and what does it do?

Answer 11

It is produced by the stomach, the pancreas and the small intestine. These enzymes catalyse the breakdown of starch into sugars in the mouth and small intestine

Question 12

Where is lipase enzymes produced and what do they do?

Answer 12

They are produced but eh pancreas and small intestine. These enzymes catalyse the breakdown of lipids (fats and oils) onto fatty acids and glycerol in the small intestine

Question 13

What acid does the stomach produce and why?

Answer 13

It produces hydrochloric acid. The enzymes in the stomach work most effectively in these conditions

Question 14

What does the liver produce and what function does it have?

Answer 14

It produces bile, which is stored in the gall bladder before being released into the small intestine. Bile neutralises the acid that was added to food in stomach. This provides alkaline conditions in which enzymes in the small intestine work best in

Question 15

Some microorganisms produce enzymes that pass out of the cells. These have many uses in the home, what are they?

Answer 15

Biological detergents may contain protein-digesting and fat-digesting enzymes (protease sand lipases

Biological detergents are more effective at low temperatures than other types of detergents

Question 16

Some microorganisms produce enzymes that pass out of the cells. These have many uses in industry, what are they?

Answer 16

Protease are used to ‘pre-digest’ the protein in some baby foods

Carbohydrates are used to convert starch into sugar syrup

Isomerise is used to convert glucose syrup into fructose syrup, which is much sweeter and therefore can be used in smaller quantities in slimming foods

Question 17

In what way are enzymes used in industry?

Answer 17

They are used to bring about reactions at normal temperatures and pressures that would otherwise require expensive, energy-demanding equipment.
However, most enzymes are denatured at high temperatures and many are costly to produce

Question 18

What are protein molecules made of?

Answer 18

They are made up of long chains of amino acids. These long chains are folded to produce a specific shape that enables other molecules to fit into the protein

Question 19

Describe in detail what happens to food as it passes through the digestive system

Answer 19

The insoluble food is mixed with digestive juices produced by glands. It is digested in the stomach and small intestine. Bile produced by the liver is added to the food to help digestion. Absorb prion of the soluble food takes place in the small intestine. Water is absorbed by the large intestine