NYCC Gross Anatomy 1 > Cell Function & Body Systems > Flashcards

Cell Function & Body Systems Flashcards

(38 cards)

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1
Q

Define

physiology

A

explain physical and chemical processes for the origin, development, and progression of life

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2
Q

functional organization of body

A

cells<tissues<organs<systems

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3
Q

define

gross anatomy

A

macroscopic examination of structures of the human body

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4
Q

goals of gross anatomy

A
  • define the 3-D relationship of structures in the human body
  • define the functional relationship between structures in the human body
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5
Q

structures of integumentary system

A
  • skin
  • hair
  • nails
  • sweat glands
  • subcutaneous tissue (fat)
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6
Q

function

integumentary system

A
  • body’s outer protective covering
  • extensive sensory organ (via connections with nervous system)
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7
Q

structures of skeletal system

A

bones & cartilage

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8
Q

function

skeletal system

A
  • shape & support of body
  • protect vital organs
  • storage of minerals
  • attachments for muscles
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9
Q

structures of articular system

A

joints & ligaments

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10
Q

functions

articular system

A
  • connect bony parts of skeletal system
  • provide sites of movement
  • confers stability in non-moveable joints
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11
Q

structures of muscular system (types)

A
  • skeletal muscle
  • smooth muscle
  • cardiac muscle
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12
Q

functions

muscular system

A
  • skeletal muscle contracts to move body parts
  • smooth/cardiac muscle contract to propel, expel, or control flow of fluids in hollow organs
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13
Q

Primary Divisions of Nervous system

A
  • CNS (brain & SC)
  • peripheral NS (nerves & ganglia)
  • Autonomic NS (sympathetic, parasympathetic, enteric)
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14
Q

functions

nervous system

A
  • control & coordinate functions of organ systems
  • CNS - relay center and control of sensory & motor pathways
  • PNS - send & receive motor & sensory info to body systems and from CNS
  • ANS - unconscious functions (sympathetics fight/flight; parasympathetics rest/digest)
  • special senses - smell, sight, taste, hearing
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15
Q

function

circulatory system

A

transport of body fluids

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16
Q

two circulatory systems

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A

cardiovascular & lymphatic

17
Q

structures of cardiovascular system

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A
  • heart
  • arteries
  • veins
  • capillaries
18
Q

functions

cardiovascular system

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A
  • heart & vessels conduct blood thorugh body
  • delivery of O2, nutrients, hormones to cells
  • removal of waste products from cells
19
Q

structures of lymphatic system

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A
  • lymph nodes
  • lymphatic vessels
  • spleen
  • thymus
  • bone marrow
20
Q

functions

lymphatic system

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A
  • withdraw excessive tissue fluid from intracellular fluid compartment
  • lymph nodes filter lymph
  • lymph vessels return lymph to blood stream
  • produces immune cells
21
Q

structures of digestive system

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A
  • oral cavity & salivary glands
  • esophagus
  • stomach
  • liver
  • gallbladder
  • pancreas
  • SI
  • LI
  • anus
22
Q

functions

digestive system

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A
  • mastication
  • swallowing
  • digestion
  • absorption of nutrients
  • elimination of solid waste
23
Q

structures of respiratory system

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A
  • nose
  • nasal cavity & sinuses
  • mouth
  • larynx
  • trachea
  • bronchi & alveoli
  • lungs
24
Q

functions

respiratory system

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A
  • transport & delivery of O2
  • elimination of CO2
25
structures of urinary system
- kidneys - ureters - bladder - urethra
26
# functions urinary system
filter blood to produce, transport, store, and eliminate liquid waste (urine)
27
structures of reproductive system
- gonads (ovaries/testes) - ducts - genitalia - uterus
28
# functions reproductive system
- produce gametes (oocytes & sperm) - conception - houses & nourishes fetus (uterus)
29
structures of endocrine system
- hypothalamus - pineal gland - pituitary - thyroid & parathyroid - thymus - adrenal - pancreas - ovaries - testes
30
# function endocrine system
produce hormones that regulate function of organ systems
31
basic functional unit
cell
32
common functions of all cells
- process O2 -> energy - energy production - deliver metabolic end products to surrounding cells - replication (mitosis/meiosis)
33
what % of the human body is fluid?
60%
34
% of fluid ICF/ECF
ICF - 70% of fluid ECF - 30% of fluid
35
# define homeostasis
maintenance of nearly constant conditions in "internal environment"
36
genetic control systems function
operate in all cells to control intracellular and extracellular function
37
organ control systems function
control environment within organs as well as to control interrelations between organs
38
examples of organ control systems
- respiratory system - regulate amount of CO2 in ECF - liver/pancreas - regulate [] of glucose in ECF - kidneys - regulate [] of H, Na, K, phosphate, other ions in ECF
NYCC Gross Anatomy 1
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