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Year 2 > Cell M2: Module 4 > Flashcards

Cell M2: Module 4 Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

neurotransmitter used at neuromuscular junctions

A

acetylcholine

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2
Q

neurons that respond to acetylcholine include

A

motor neurons
ANS - prehanglionic sympathtic and parasympathetic
neurons
ANS - postganglionic parasympthetic neurons
neurons regulating arousal and sleep
local interneurons

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3
Q

what is synthesizwd from precursos actyl co A and choline

A

acetylcholine

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4
Q

what loads acetylcholine into SVs

A

vesicular acetylcholine

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5
Q

what happens to extra acetylcholine in synaptic cleft

A

it is degraded by acteylcholinesterase

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6
Q

name of acetylcholine receptor

A

nicotinic acetylcholine

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7
Q

type of receptors for acetylcholine

A

ionotropic and metabotropic

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8
Q

where are nicotinic acetylcholine receptors located

A

neuromusclar junctions
excitatory post-synaptic potentials
many cholingeric synapses (acetylcholine responsive)

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9
Q

what are nicotinic acetylcholine receptors used by

A

nicotine
alpha bungarptoxin - snake venom
curare - plant toaxin

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10
Q

muscarinic acetylcholine receptos are ___ receptor

A

metabotropic receptors

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11
Q

what do mescarinic acetlycholine receptors do

A

modulartes K+ conductance - sloe EPSP or IPSPs when activated

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12
Q

disease related to nicotinic acettylcholine receptor/ionotropic receptor

A

myasthenia gravis

interferes with neurotrnasmission at neuromuscular junctions -fatigure muscles quickly

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13
Q

what do acetylcholine esterase

A

inhibit enzyme that degrades acetylcholine, kepps acetylcholine in celft for longer time

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14
Q

major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system

A

glutamate; more than 50% of synapses in brain respond to glutamate

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15
Q

synthesized from glutamine in presynaptic terminal if amide bind is hydrolyzed

A

glutamate ; then pumped into SVs agaisnt current

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16
Q

extra glutamate? where does it go now?

A

taken up by glial cells and neurons

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17
Q

types of ionotropic glutamate receptors

A

ampa, nmda, kainate receptors

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18
Q

when is the NMDA channel pore b;ocked by magnesium

A

at negative potentials, even if bound by glutamate

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19
Q

what do glycine and d serine do for glutamine

A

co-agnoists- help channel pore open

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20
Q

metabotropic glutamate receptors - g coupled receptors how many classes

A

mGluR 1, 2, and 3

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21
Q

presynaptic ability of metabotropic glutamate receptors

A

diminish neurotransmitter relase

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22
Q

post synaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors

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A

modulate excitability

23
Q

what happens if there is too much glutamate

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A

neurons will depolarise and die

24
Q

major inhibitory transmitter in brain

25
major inhibitory transmitter in spinal cord
glycine
26
synthesized from glutamate in presynaptic terminal
GABA
27
synthesized from serine in presynaptic termine
Glycine
28
SV loading by VIATT
GABA and glycine
29
GBAA A Receptors are inhibitory or excitatory? GABA B receptors?
GABA A - inhiibitoyr | GABA B - excitatory
30
GABA A receptors are permable to ___
chlorine
31
glycine receptors that are ionotropic are permeable to
chlorine
32
dopamine is a
catecholamine
33
substania nigeria and ventral tegmental area are_____
dopaminergic neurons
34
what happens if not enough dopamine in striatum?
poor movement
35
synthesized from tyrosin by tyrosine hydroxyalse and DOPA decarboxylase
dopamine
36
Dopamine and noepinpherin and epinpherine degraded in neurons by
catecho-o-methltransferase and monoamin oxidase
37
dopamine receptor are ionotropic or metabotropic
exclusively metabotrpic
38
noerpinepherin and epinpherin are bothe
catechotamine
39
noradrenergic neurosn found in
sympatheric ganglia and locaus coreuleus
40
adrenergic neurons foun in
rostal medula
41
made from dopamine
noepinpherine and ephinphrine
42
adrenergic receptors are NE and E receptors
exclusively metabotropic
43
indolamine includes what
serotonin
44
serotonergic neurons found in
raphe nuclei
45
serotonin synthesized by
tryptophan
46
serotonin degreaded in neurons by
MAO inhibitors
47
serotonin receotrs include
ionotropic and metabotropic
48
histamine receptors are ___
exclusively metabotropic
49
2 purine neurotransmitters
ATP and adenosine
50
_______ receptors are distributed across ns and periphery widely
purines
51
caffine blocks_____ receptors
purine
52
more than _______ peptide NTs
100
53
neuropeptides synthesized in _____ as neuropeptides degaded by ___ onexracellular surface
soma of neurons as prepropeptidespeptidases

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