Cell structure Flashcards
Define Eukaryotic
cells
Cells containing a
nucleus and other
membrane-bound
organelles
Define ultrastructure
The structures within
a cell which can be
seen by using an
electron microscope
What is the function
of the nucleus?
Contains genetic
information in the
form of DNA
What is the function
of the nucleolus?
To produce ribosomes
What is the function
of mitochondria? c
The site of aerobic
respiration and ATP
production
What is the function
of vesicles?
To store and
transport molecules
What is the function
of lysosomes?
To break down waste
materials in cells
What is the function
of centrioles?
To assemble and
organise spindle
fibres during cell
division
What is the function
of smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum?
Lipid and
carbohydrate
synthesis and storage
What is the function
of rough endoplasmic
reticulum?
The synthesis and
transport of protein
Define prokaryotic cell
A cell with no
membrane-bound
nucleus or organelles
What is the function
of ribosomes?
The site of
protein synthesis
What is the function
of the golgi
apparatus?
Modifies proteins and
packages’ them into
vesicles
What is the function
of the cell wall?
Supports the
individual cell and in
plants the plant as a
whole
What is the function
of the vacuole?
Makes the cell turgid
by pushing against
the cell wall, helps to
support the plant
What is the function
of the chloroplasts?
Site of photosynthesis
which produces
carbohydrates
What is the function
of cilia?
Move mucus through
sweeping movements
What is the function
of flagella?
Used for movement of
the cell
What is the outer
membrane of the
vacuole called?
Tonoplast
What are the function
of plasmids?
Used to confer
beneficial genes
between bacterial
cells
How are ribosomes
different in
prokaryotic cells to
eukaryotic cells?
-Ribosomes are smaller (70s) in prokaryotic cells whereas they are larger 80s ribosomes in eukaryotic cells
How is genetic
material stored in
prokaryotes?
In a single large chromosome rather than in a membrane bound nucleus Not wrapped around histone proteins
What are microvilli
used for?
cells whose main
function is absorption
of small molecules
What is the function
of pill?
To attach prokaryotes
to specific surfaces
and other cells
