Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

• control center of the cell
• contains DNA and mRNA

Question 2

Nucleolus

Answer 2

region where ribosomal subunits (rRNA and proteins) are formed

Question 3

Rough ER

Answer 3

• ribosomes on the surface
• package proteins for secretion, send transport vesicles to Golgi, make replacement membrane

Question 4

Smooth ER

Answer 4

• no ribosomes on surface
• synthesize lipids, metabolize carbs, detox drugs and poisons, store calcium

Question 5

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 5

• synthesize and packaging of materials for transport
• produce lysosomes

Question 6

Cis face (Golgi)

Answer 6

receives vesicles

Question 7

Trans face (Golgi)

Answer 7

ships vesicles

Question 8

Lysosomes

Answer 8

• intercellular digestion
• recycles cell’s materials
• programmed cell death (apoptosis)

Question 9

Vacuoles

Answer 9

• storage of materials (food, water, minerals, pigments, poisons)

Question 10

Plants: Large Central Vacuole

Answer 10

• stores water, ions
• retains water for turgor pressure

Question 11

Mitochondria

Answer 11

• source of cellular respiration
• generates ATP by utilizing the energy released during the oxidation of food we eat

Question 12

Cristae

Answer 12

• folds of the inner membrane of the mitochondria
• contains enzymes for ATP production

Question 13

Chloroplasts

Answer 13

• site if photosynthesis
• contains chlorophylls for capturing sunlight energy

Question 14

Peroxisomes

Answer 14

• break down fatty acids
• detox alcohol
• involves production of hydrogen peroxide

Question 15

Cytoskeleton

Answer 15

• network of protein fibers
• support, motility, regulate biochemical activities

Question 16

What are the 3 types of cytoskeleton fibers?

Answer 16

1. Microtubules
2. Microfilaments
3. Intermediate Filaments

Question 17

Microtubules

Answer 17

• largest fibers
• shape/support the cell
• forms a spindle for mitosis/meiosis

Question 18

Microfilaments

Answer 18

• smallest fibers
• support the cell on a smaller scale
• cell movement

Question 19

Intermediate Filaments

Answer 19

• medium size
• permanent fixtures
• maintain shape of the cell
• fix position of organelles

Question 20

Centrosomes

Answer 20

region from which microtubules grow

Question 21

Centrioles

Answer 21

• barrel shaped
• organize microtubules
• determine the locations of the nucleus and other organelles within the cell

Question 22

Flagella

Answer 22

• long a few
• enables movement

Question 23

Cilia

Answer 23

• short and numerous
• move water relative to the cell in a regular movement

Question 24

Plant: Cell wall

Answer 24

• protect the plant
• maintain the shape
• composed of cellulose

Question 25

Plasmodesmata

Answer 25

channels between cells to allow the passage of molecules from cell to cell

Question 26

Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

Answer 26

• outside the plasma membrane of animal cells
• composed of glycoproteins
• strengthens tissues
• transmits external signals to the cell

Question 27

What junctions allow cells to adhere to each other?

Answer 27

1. Tight Junctions
2. Desmosomes
3. Gap Junctions

Question 28

Tight Junction

Answer 28

2 cells are fused to form a watertight seal

Question 29

Desmosomes

Answer 29

“rivets” that fasten adjacent cells into strong sheets (like glue)

Question 30

Gap Junctions

Answer 30

channels through which ions, sugar, and small molecules can pass