Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

Who invented the first microscope?

Answer 1

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

Question 2

Who first coined the term “cells”?

Answer 2

Robert Hooke

Question 3

What does the Cell Theory state?

Answer 3

1. Living organisms are made up of cells
2. They are the basic structural/organizational unit of all organisms
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 4

List the plant and animal organelles

Answer 4

Both - Nucleolus, Nucleus, Ribosome
Vesicle, Rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus (or “Golgi body”), Cytoskeleton, Smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Mitochondrion, Vacuole, Cytosol (fluid that contains organelles, comprising the cytoplasm), Lysosome, Cell membrane
Animal only - centrosome
Plant only - chloroplast, cell wall

Question 5

What is the difference between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 5

Eukaryotic cells have nuclei while prokaryotic cells don’t

Question 6

Define diffusion

Answer 6

The random movement of particles from a higher concentration to a lower concentration (e.g., perfume spreading throughout a room).

Question 7

Define facilitated diffusion

Answer 7

Diffusion with a specialized channel to allow a molecule through a semi-permeable membrane (e.g. glucose into cells).

Question 8

Osmosis

Answer 8

The diffusion of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane.

Question 9

Define active transport

Answer 9

The transport of molecules up a concentration gradient, requiring energy (e.g., Na-K pump).