Cell Structure and Function (Lecture 4)

Question 1

Who first coined the term “Cell” by looking at sections of cork tissue under a magnifying glass?

Answer 1

Robert Hook

Question 2

Who invented the first microscope and viewed pond water under it, calling the creatures he saw in it “animalcules”?

Answer 2

Anton Von Leeuwenhoek

Question 3

What are all organisms comprised of?

Answer 3

Cells

Question 4

Where do all cells arise from?

Answer 4

Pre-existing Cells

Question 5

How large are Prokaryotic Cells?

Answer 5

1-10 Micrometers

Question 6

How large are Eukaryotic Cells?

Answer 6

10-100 Micrometers

Question 7

What is the region of the Cytoplasm that unbound DNA is located in in Prokaryotic Cells?

Answer 7

The Nucleoid Region of the Cytoplasm

Question 8

The phospholipid bilayer that regulates what moves in and out of a cell

Answer 8

Cell Membrane

Question 9

What is the cell wall made out of in Prokaryotic Cells?

Answer 9

Peptidoglycan

Question 10

This is the jelly like coating with attached pili (fimbriae) which are hair-like extensions for attachment

Answer 10

Capsule

Question 11

Tiny structures for protein synthesis

Answer 11

Ribosomes

Question 12

Container holding DNA within the cytoplasm in Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 12

Nucleus

Question 13

Cell structures covered by a double membrane covering

Answer 13

Envelope

Question 14

What is the cell wall made up of in algae and plants?

Answer 14

Cellulose

Question 15

What protects plant cells and provides shape and structural support?

Answer 15

The Cell Wall

Question 16

What is the cell wall made up of in Slime Molds and Fungi?

Answer 16

Chitin

Question 17

What cells is the Cell Membrane present in?

Answer 17

All Cells

Question 18

What is selective permeablility?

Answer 18

The ability to regulate what comes in and out of the cell via the Cell Membrane

Question 19

What is the Cell Membrane generally described as?

Answer 19

A phospholipid bilayer

Question 20

This component of the Cell Membrane serves as a general barrier for the cell

Answer 20

Phospholipids

Question 21

Which part of the plasma membrane are used specifically for transport?

Answer 21

Integral Proteins

Question 22

What part of the Cell Membrane is used specifically for receiving chemical signals?

Answer 22

Peripheral proteins

Question 23

The extensions from the phospholipid bilayer of a cell that is used for attachment to other cells or to surfaces is made out of what polymer?

Answer 23

Carbohydrates

Question 24

What holds the Cell Membrane together while promoting flexibility?

Answer 24

Cholesterol

Question 25

This is the control center of the cell

Answer 25

Nucleus

Question 26

What is the fluid in the Nucleus?

Answer 26

Nucleoplasm

Question 27

The double membrane covering the Nucleus

Answer 27

Nuclear Envelope

Question 28

Where is the Nucleolus located?

Answer 28

Inside the Nucleus

Question 29

What does the Nucleolus produce?

Answer 29

Ribosomes

Question 30

What fluid inside the cell contains water and any dissolved solutes?

Answer 30

Cytosol

Question 31

What are the two components that the Cytoplasm includes?

Answer 31

The Cytosol and all the the structures suspended within it

Question 32

The Protein matrix running through the cytoplasm

Answer 32

Cytoskeleton

Question 33

Hollow tubes of the protein Tubulin, used in cell division

Answer 33

Microtubules

Question 34

Thin strips of the protein actin, used in cell movement

Answer 34

Microfilaments

Question 35

These consist of rope-like fibers of the protein Keratin, and protect a cell against stress and trauma

Answer 35

Intermediate Fibers

Question 36

A dense network of fine, wispy proteins, that anchors cell structures in the cytoplasm

Answer 36

Microtrabeculae

Question 37

These Vacuoles are only located in protozoans. They store and expel excess water

Answer 37

Contractile Vacuoles

Question 38

These Vacuoles, that are only located in animal cells, store triglycerides

Answer 38

Fat Vacuole

Question 39

This Vacuole, that are only located in plant cells, store water and can take up between 50-90% of the cell

Answer 39

Central Vacuole

Question 40

An organelle that is the site of cellular respiration, which is the process of converting glucose into ATP

Answer 40

Mitochondrion

Question 41

The Fluid in the Mitochondrion

Answer 41

Matrix

Question 42

The folds of the inner membrane of the Mitochondrion

Answer 42

Cristae

Question 43

An organelle in plant and algal cells that is the site of photosynthesis, which converts light energy into glucose

Answer 43

Chloroplast

Question 44

Energy-rich fluid in the Chloroplast

Answer 44

Stroma

Question 45

Membranous disk covered by light trapping pigments

Answer 45

Thylakoid Disks

Question 46

A stack of Thylakoid disks

Answer 46

Granum

Question 47

The tiniest of all cell structures that is both found in all cells and the site of protein synthesis

Answer 47

Ribosomes

Question 48

Membrane bound sacs of hydrolytic enzymes that: Digests a cell's food and waste Breaks down Damaged cell structures Destroys foreign agents

Answer 48

Lysosomes

Question 49

Membrane bound sacs of catalytic enzymes purpose made to break down toxic hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen

Answer 49

Peroxisomes

Question 50

A system of membranous channels with compartments that form vesicles

Answer 50

The Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 51

This part of the cell has ribosomes attached and processes and packages protein

Answer 51

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 52

This part of the cells is the site of lipid synthesis that can also store calcium and perform detoxification

Answer 52

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 53

This stack of membrane bound flattened sacs is referred to as the packaging and distribution center of the cell. It can also form lysosomes and peroxisomes

Answer 53

Golgi Apparatus

Question 54

Long whip-like tails used for movement

Answer 54

Flagella

Question 55

Shorter, hair-like extensions that move like stiff oars

Answer 55

Cilia

Question 56

What are both Cilia and Flagella made of?

Answer 56

Microtubules

Question 57

This part of the cell is only present in animal-like cells, and is used in cell division

Answer 57

Centrioles

Question 58

The area of the cytoplasm in which Centrioles sit

Answer 58

Centrosome

Question 59

This plant cell junction is a channel that connect two adjacent cells and allow for the cells to communicated and share cytoplasm and nutrients

Answer 59

Plasmodesmata

Question 60

This animal cell junction produces a leak-proof tissue with snap-like connection between adjacent cells

Answer 60

Tight Junction

Question 61

This animal cell junction is a button-like connection between adjacent cells that still allows for fluid to move between it

Answer 61

Desmosomes

Question 62

This animal cell junction is made of channels that connect two adjacent cells and, similar to plasmodesmata, allow for cells to communicate and share substances

Answer 62

Gap junction

Question 63

How many subunits are ribosomes made of?

Answer 63

Two, a small and a large subunit

Question 64

What is the name of Ribosomes attached to proteins of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 64

Free Ribosomes

Question 65

What is the name of Ribosomes attached to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Answer 65

Bound Ribosomes